Notre Dame de Paris ugenekereje bivuze Umugore wacu w` i Parisi, ni kiriziya Gatorika ishaje kandi nini cyane mugice cyuburengerazuba bw`isi ikaba yubatswe kukirwa cyitwa site (Cité) mukarere ka kane muri makumyabili tugize umugi wa Parisi (Paris) mugihugu cy`ubufaransa.
Icyiciro cya mbere cyo kubaka iyi nyubako cyatwaye hafi imyaka 200 kuko bivugwako yatangiye kubakwa ahagana mumwaka w`1160 kugihe cy`umusenyeli witwaga Maurice de Sully nyuma y`uko umwami Louis wa VII hamwe na PAPA Alexendre wa III bamaze gushyiraho ibuye ry`ifatizo, bikavugwako icyo cyiciro cyarangiye mu mwaka w` 1345.
Uyumunsiukabaurangwanogutangandetse no guhanaamashami y`imikindocyangwaibindibitibyatoranijwe,hibukwaukoYesuyakiriweubwoyinjiragamumugiwaYerusaremu.
2. Kuwa mberemutagatifu
Muby`ukuriuyuminsintabikorwabyihariye byawugenewe, ahubwousangamunyandikonyinshizivugakubyerekeyeicyumwerugitagatifuhazirikanwaukoYesuyasuyeinshutize I BetaniyahanyumaMariyaakamusigaamavutay`igicirokubirengeateguriraumubiri we gushyingurwakwarikwegereje.
3. Kuwakabilimutagatifu
Uyumunsiwakabilimutagatifu, birumvikanako Yesuyabagaarikwegeraigihecyecy`umubabaro. Uyu ni umunsiabakirisitubatekerezacyanekuburyoyesuyavuzeukoazagambanirwandetse n`intumwaPeteroikazamwihakana.
4. Umunsi wagatatumutagatafu
Kubera ko YudayarimumyiteguroyokugambaniraYesu, kuriuyumunsihazirikanwauko Yudayagiyekumvikana n`abatamyiukoazabafashakubonayesukubiguzibingana n`ibicelimirongoitatu.
5. Umunsi wakanemutagatifu
Umuhango wokoza intumwa ibirenge (Photo yavanywe kuri murandasi)
Kuri uyumunsi, abakirisitubazirikanagusangirakwanyumakwaYesu n`intumwazenyumayokuzozaibirenge. Abakirisitubakabiyibutsaitegekory`urukundoYesuyategetseabigishwabeubwoyicishagabugufiimbereyaboakabozaibirenge.
6.Uwagatanumutagatifu
Umunsi wa gatanu mutagatifu (Ifoto yakuwe kuri murandasi)
Kuri uyumunsiwagatanumutagatifu, abakirisitubazirikanainzira y`umusaraba ya Yesuitangiriramukujyanwaimbere y`umwamiwitwagaPonsiyoPilatyo (Ponce Pilate) agacirwaurubanzarwogupfa, bakamwikorezaumusarabawehanyumaakazakuwubambwahokumusoziwitwaGologota (Golgotha) cyangwaNyabihanga.
Nyamara gufata no kubaha igihe cyo kurya ni ingenzi cyane mu mikorere myiza y`umubiri wacu nkuko tubigirwaho inama nimpuguke mumirire nk`umufaransa kazi Charlotte Debeugny.
Ikindi twabibutsa ni uko amasohoro mazima aba afite intanga hagati ya miliyoni 20 kugeza kuri miliyoni 30 kuri buli ml imwe yamasohoro, akanagira nibitunga intanga bitandukanye birimo imyunyu ngugu nka kalisiyumu, manyesiyumu, fosifore, zink ndetse n amasukali.
Amasohoro kandi yigiramo nama vitamini nka C ndeste na B12 bamwe bakoresha nkizina ry`amasohoro ubwayo.
Nubwo amasohoro afite za proteyine,nkuko twabivuze haruguru, ariko ni izo gutunga intanga ,ntabwo rero byoroshye kwemezako hari aho zihuriye nokugira icyo zahindura kubuzima ndetse no kuruhu rwacu (usage externe).
2. Kumira amasohoro byanduza SIDA.
Kuri iyi ngingo, ntagitangaje kirimo kuko ubusanzwe amatembabuzi atwara za virus na bacteries zikomoka kuburwayi bwandurira mumibonano mpuza bitsina (IST).
Igihugu cy`ubuhinde nicyo kiza kumwanya wa kabili ku isi mukugiraumubare munini w`ingabo kuko gifite izigera ku 1 400 000
3. Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika
Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ziza kumwanya wa gatatu kuko ingabo zayo zigera kuri 1 347 300
4. Korea y`amajyaruguru
Korea y`amajyaruguru iza kumwanya wa kane mubihugu bifite ingabo nyishi kuko ifite abagera kuri 1 190 000. Byumwihariko iki gisilikari kiri mubisirikare biteye amatsiko kikaba kinazwwiho gutunga no gukora intwaro za Kirimbuzi.
5. Uburusiya
Igihugu cy`uburusiya gishyirwa kumwanya wa gatanu n`umubare wabwo w`ingabo kuko ingabo z`uburusiya zigera kuri 831 000.
6. Pakistani
Ingabo 653 800 za Pakistani zishyira iki gihugu kumwanya wa gatandatu mubihugu bifite umubare munini w`ingabo ku isi.
7.Korea y`amajyepfo
Igihugu cya Koreya y`amajyepfo gifita ingabo zigera kuri 630 000,uyu mubare ukaba ushyira iki gihugu kumwanya wa 7
8. Irani
Kumwanya wa munani mubihugu bifite ingabo nyinshi ku isi haza igihugu cya IRANI kikaba gifite ingabo zigera kuri 530 000.Iki gihugu kandi kikaba kiri nomubihugu byahuye n`ibikorwa byinshi by`iterabwoba.
9. Vietnamu
Iki ni kimwe mubihugu byiza kandi bifite n`ahantu henshi nyaburanga habereye ubukerarugendo. Kikaba kandi kiza kumwanya wa 9 mubihugu bifite ingabo nyinshi kuko zigera kuri 490 000.
10. Igihugu cya Misiri
Iki gihugu n`ubwo kigaragara kumwanya wanyuma muri topten,ntibivugako gifite ingabo nkeya ahubwo ni umwanya kibona ugereranije n`ibihugu byakorewe igenzura hamwe nacyo kuko gifite ingabo zigera kuri 439 000.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ni kaminuza yigenga iri Cambridge/ Massachusetts/Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, ikaba yarashinzwe mu 1861. Ikirango cyayo ( motto) kikaba ari Mens et Manus bivuga ugenekereje “Gukoresha ubwenge n`amaboko.
2. Stanford University
Imwe mumafoto ya stanford yavanywe kuri murandasi
Iyi kaminuza nayo ibarizwa muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika,ikaba yarashinzwe muri 1885 ishinzwe n`umu senateri umwe wo muri Calfonia nk`urwibutso azajya yibukiraho umwana we umwe rukumbi wari umaze kwitaba Imana.
3. Harvard University
Imwe mumafoto ya Harvard University yakuwe kuri murandasi
Iyi kaminuza yashinzwe mumwaka w`1636 akaba ariyo kaminuza imaze igihe kinini kurusha izindi muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ikaba ibarizwa muri Cambridge/ Massachusetts.
4. California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Imwe mumafoto ya Caltech yakuwe kuri murandasi
California Institute of Technology (Caltech) ni kaminuza izwi cyane kubera amashami y`ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga ndetse n`uburezi ari kurwego rwo hejuru. Ikaba iherereye aho bita Pasadena, California kandi ikaba yarashinzwe mu 1891
5 University of Oxford
Imwe mumafoto ya Oxford yakuwe kuri murandasi
University of Oxford niyo kaminuza ikuze kurusha izindi mugice cy`isi cyose gikoresha ururimi rw`icyongereza (monde anglophone) kuburyo n`igihe yatangiriyeho kitazwi neza icyakora bikaba bikekwa ko yaba yaratangiye mukinyejana cya 11
Iyi kaminuza ikaba iherereye hafi y`umugi wa medieval city center of Oxford hamwe n`abanyeshuli bagera muri 22 000 aho usanga 40% ari abanyamahanga.
6.University of Cambridge
Imwe mumafoto ya Combridge yakuwe kuri murandasi
University of Cambridge ni kaminuza iherereye mumugi wa Cambridge, nko muri 50 Km hafi ya London ikaba igira abanyeshuri bagera muri 18 000 baturuka mumpande zose z`isi
Iyi kaminuza kandi yatangiye imirimo yayo mu 1209 ikaba kandi ari iya kane kwisi muri za Kaminuza zishaje kurusha izindi.
7. ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Imwe mumafoto ya ETH Zurich yakuwe kuri murandasi
ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) niyo kaminuza nziza kurenza izindi kumugabanew`i Burayi ikaba ibarizwa mugihugu cy`ubu Suwisi kuva 1854,ikaba yigisha cyane cyane ubumenyi,ikoranabuhanga n`imibare.
8.Imperial College London
Imwe mumafoto ya Imperial yakuwe kuri murandasi
Imperial College London ni imwe mumakaminuza meza mugihugu cy`ubwongereza ikaba yibanda cyane mukwigisha ibijyanye n`ubuvuzi, ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga ndetse na Business.
Iyi kaminuza ikaba iherereye mumajyepfo y`umugi wa London mukarere kitwa Albertopolis ikaba kandi yarashinzwe mu ikinyejana cya 19.
9. University of Chicago
Imwe mumafoto ya Chicago yakuwe kuri murandasi
University of Chicago ni kaminuza yashinzwe mu 1890 ikaba igira abanyeshuli bagera mu 16 000 baturuka mumpande zose z`isi ndetse ikaba iherereye hafi y`ikiyaga cya Michigan.
10. UCL (University College London)
Imwe mumafoto ya UCL yakuwe kuri murandasi
UCL (University College London) ni kaminuza ifite abanyehli bagera ku 38,000 baturutse mubihugu bitandukanye by`isi. Ikaba yarashinzwe mu 1826 ndetse ikaba ibarizwa hagati mumugi wa London.
Mubuzima tubayeho kuri iyi si, hari igihe tugerwaho n`ibitubabaza, biturutse kunshuti zacu, kumiryango yacu, kubaturanyi, ku bo dukorana cyangwa no kubandi tutatekerezaga ko batugirira nabi.
Nubwo bose baba ari abantu bacu babugufi, ntibitangaje kuba batubabaza kuko umuntu ni umuntu! Umuntu yakugambanira akagutenguha, ariko Yesu ntiyadutererana, ntiyadusiga.
Mubuzima hariho ibidukomeretsa ariko Imana Ibasha kutwomora no kudukiza
Hari ibintu byinshi kandi bikomeye bya komerekeje umutima wawe, birawuremerera cyane kuburyo no kubitekereza gusa bikubera umutwaro, amarira agahora atemba mumaso yawe, ndetse ukifuza no kuba utabitekereza kuko birushaho kugushengura umutima.
Nubwo ushobora gusanga ibi byumba bifite itandukaniro iri cyangwa ririya mubitaro bitandukanye,icyakora hari iby`ingenzi ibibyumba bigomba kuba bihuriyeho. Muribyo twavuga:
Iki cyumba kigomba kuba kibona neza hakoreshejwe akatara yabugenewe bita operating lamps
Hagomba kuba harimo kandi igitanda kibagirwaho umurwayi kiri munsi yiryo tara.Iki gitanda kikaba cyitwa operating table cyangwa se table d`operation
Kuba harimo imashini ihambaye ifasha abaganga mugutera umurwayi ikinyinya no kumusinziriza neaza
Ubuzima bwari bumeze bute mbere y`umwaduko wa internet?
Nubwo igihe ikoranabuhanga rya internet ryatangiriye gukoresherezwa kitavugwaho rumwe, ariko bitewe n`imyaka umaze cyangwa se bitewe n`igihe wowe ubwawe wayimenyeye cyangwa watangiriye kuyikoreshereza, ushobora kuba wibuka neza uko ubuzima bwari bumeze mbere y`uko iryo koranabuhanga ryinjira mubuzima bwawe ndetse no mumibereho yawe yaburimunsi.
Niba warimukuru mbere yuko umenya iri koranabuhanga, ushobora kuba uhise wibuka uko watumanagaho n`abandi, uko wigaga, uko washakaga amakuru , uko ubuvuzi bwari bumeze mbese uhise wibuka ubuzima bw`icyo gihe.
Iki gihugu gifite ubuso bwa km² 2 kikagira n`abaturage barengaho gato 36 000
3 . Nauru
Imwe mumafoto ya Nauru yakuwe kuri murandasi
Iki gihugu kiboneka muri Micronesie ho muri Oseyaniya.Kikaba gifite ubuso bungana na km² 21 n`abaturage barenga gato 9 300,iki gihugu kikaba cyarahoze cyitwa ile plaisante
4. Tuvalu
Imwe mumafoto ya Tovalu yakuwe kuri murandasi
Iki gihugu giherereye munyanja ya Pacifique kikaba gifite ubuso bwa km2 26 kikaba gituwe n`abaturage bagera ku 12 000
5. San Marino
Imwe mumafoto ya San Marino yakuwe kuri murandasi
Iki gihugu gifite ubuso bwa km2 61 kigagira abaturage bagera ku 30 000.Iki gihugu kandi kikaba gikikijwe impande zose n`igihugu cy`ubutaliyane.
6.Liechtenstein
Imwe mumafoto ya Liechtenstein yakuwe kuri murandasi
Iki nicyo gihugu cyonine gihererreye mumisozi ya Alps kikaba gifite ubuso bwa km2 160 kikagira n`abaturage bagera ku 38.000.
7. Marshal Islands
Imwe mumafoto ya Mashall Islands yakuwe kuri murandasi
Iki gihugu kiribarizwa munyanja ya apscifique kikaba gifite ubuso bugera kuri km2 181 n`abaturage barenga 53 000.
8. Saint Kitts and Nevis
Amwe mumafoto ya Saint Kitts and Nevis yavanywe kuri murandasi
Iki gihugu gifite ubuso bugera kuri Km2 261 kikagira n`abaturage 55 000
9. Maldives
Imwe mumafoto ya mardive yakuwe kuri murandasi
Iki gihugu kibarizwa munyanja y`abahinde kikaba gifite ubuso bungana na km2 298 n`abaturage bangana n`427,756
10. Marta
Imwe mumafoto ya Marta yakuwe kuri murandasi
Igihugu gitoya kwisi kiza kumwanya wa 10 ni iki cya marta,kikaba gifite ubuso bungana na km2 316 kianagira abaturage barenga 408 000.
Bakunzi b`urubuga amarebe.com, mbere y`uko tuganira kumwuka duhumeka, reka tubanze tuvuge gatoya kucyitwa ubuzima (la vie/life) muri rusange. Birahoboka ko atari ubwambere wibajije kuri iri jambo cyangwa se ukaba warumvise abaritindaho doreko abantu bagiye bariha ibisobanuro bitandukanye.
Bamwe bati ubuzima ni urukundo, abandi bati ubuzima ni ukwizera, abafirosofe nka Aristotle bati ubuzima ni ibyishimo, hari n`abavuga ko ubuzima ari ukugira abana, amafaranga ndetse n`ibindi wenda nawe wumvise.
Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu uzwi cyane mu idini Gatorika nka mutagatifu Tereza cyangwa mama Tereza w`i Karikuta yavukiye aho bita Anjezë Gonxhe mugihugu cya Albania ku italiki ya 26 /08/1910 mumugi witwaga Skopje, ubu ni umurwa mukuru wigihugu cya Macedonia ya ruguru ari naho yabatirijwe nyuma yumunsi umwe avutse ni ukuvuga ku italiki ya 27/08/1910 aba ari nawo uhinduka umunsi we w`amavuko.
Tereza niwe wari umukobwa muto w`ababyeyi be Nikolle na Dranafile Bojaxhiu (Bernai). Se umubyara akaba yari numunyepolitike mugihugu cyabo ,yitabye Imana mu mwaka w1919 Tereza afite gusa imyaka 8.
Twifashishije inyandiko ya Joan Graff Clucas ivuga kubuzima bwa Tereza,Tereza yari umwana ushimishijwe cyane ninkuru zubuzima bw`abihaye Imana bo mugace yari atuyemo nuko mumyaka 12 gusa yiyemeza nawe kuziha Imana.
Mumwaka wa1928, kumyaka18 Tereza yasize umuryango we ajya kuba mumuryango wabakobwa bihaye Imana witwagaSisters of Loreto mugihugu cya Ireland aho yagombaga no kwigira icyongereza kugirango azabashe kwamamaza ivanjiri n`ibikorwa bya gikiristu ahantu henshi.
Success means different thing to different people.For some it might be the financial achievements,becoming a millionaires for example and accolades for others.
For sports men,it may mean trophies,champions or medals.For same being succesfull means achieving a state of wellness,hearth or hapness. What ever it means to you,take a note of these ten habits of all succesful pople.They ap[ply to any area and any meaning of success.
They set the goals
Chances are you’ve never met a successful person that doesn’t set goals, because the chances of finding what you want without a clear target to move toward are slim and none. If you don’t know where you are going, you will end up some place else. Setting goals should be the number one priority for anyone seeking success.
Define exactly what it is you want – your (end goal). Break down exactly what is required to get there –(mini goal) . Make sure your purpose, your “why” is strong, so when you hit those roadblocks, when things go wrong as they always do, you have the strength and desire to keep going.
2. They Take Responsibility For Their Life.
Another key attribute of all successful people is they take complete responsibility for the success and failure in their life. Unlike the majority, they never play the victim role. If something doesn’t work out, they don’t blame others – rather they learn the lesson, learn one more way NOT to do something, and move on quickly.
Your energy is always best spent in the present, and planning for the future. Your thought process should always be “how can I make this work” and “what can I learn from this”. Never living in the past or making excuses as to why you aren’t where you should be. Remember EVERYONE suffers setbacks, everyone has the opportunity to either blame others & circumstances, or to focus on moving on and creating a better future.
3. They Have Great Self Discipline
Discipline is a strong trait of all successful people, and it is one that can be developed with consistent use. Anyone that works from home or unsupervised knows the importance of self discipline – when alone do you choose to troll social media, watch cat videos on YouTube, or do something that will be beneficial for your future?
It is much easier to have discipline if you have clear goals and a meaningful purpose, something much more important than your distractions.
4. They Are Obsessed With Self Development
You can’t really claim to be successful if you have given up working on yourself. This doesn’t mean you are never satisfied, just that you know it is human nature to want to grow and learn new things.
Be open to learn new things and develop your mind, through mentors, audio books and reading. The more you learn the more you earn.
5. They Read. A LOT!
Reading is a common past time of many highly successful people. The majority these days can’t sit alone for 2 minutes without becoming “bored” picking up their phone to go on social media, probably to post about how bored they are. Successful people you will find are always happy to be alone, to be quiet, to have the opportunity read something that will benefit their mind, and their future.
If you’re not a reader, try audio books. You can play them in your car and use time that might normally be wasted (travelling to work for example) to gain new skills, new strengths.
6. They Manage Their Time Well
Time management is essential to success. Unsuccessful people are usually frazzled when there are too many tasks on their to-do list. Successful people are never fazed, they prioritize the big-payoff and most rewarding tasks first, and leave the insignificant ones to last, knowing it doesn’t matter if they get it all done or not.
Successful people plan in advance, days, weeks, months ahead, knowing clearly what needs to be done to complete their jobs and reach their goals.
7. They Take Risks
If you don’t by a ticket, you can’t win the raffle. If you don’t take big risks you can’t achieve big rewards. Successful people know that there will be times they will need to take risks in order to get where they need to go. Often most people won’t take those same risks for fear of failure, however the greater failure to successful people would be that of regret.
8. They Keep Going When They Suffer Failure & Setbacks
We all suffer setbacks. Every single person that attempts to live their dream life suffers through failure, many lose everything. Most quit, the successful never quit. They keep going, knowing their greatest character is formed in adversity. Knowing their success story is being written in every moment, and it will be especially good now they have a comeback story.
9. They Find A Way To Win
Successful people FIND A WAY. Period. Whatever life throws their way, they deal with it, dodge it, smash through it, whatever is required they find a way to win. It’s the whatever it takes mentality. It’s the confidence in knowing whatever happens, I will give my all and leave nothing on the table. I WILL FIND A WAY TO WIN!
10. They Do What They Love
If you are not doing what you love, you can’t really claim yourself a success. Spending the majority of our life (your working hours) doing things you hate, for money, is not successful living. It’s torture to the soul. Find your life purpose. Think of all the things you love to do more than anything in the world, then brainstorm how you can turn those passions into profit, doing what you love every day. Even if you are taking a pay cut it will be worth it. Do what you love every day, and you will never work a day in your life.
A vous les francophones! Pouvez – vous mémoriser ces 10 mots les plus long de la langue française?
Dichlorodiphényltrichloroéthane
Un insecticide très puissant de 31 lettres. Plus connu sous le nom de DDT.
Osophago-gastro-duodénoscopie
Il s’agit d’une procédure de diagnostic endoscopique qui consiste à introduire un tube flexible par la bouche du patient, 27 lettres.
Aminométhylpyrimidinylhydroxyéthylméthythiazolium
Le nom systématique de la vitame B, 49 lettres.
Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobie
36 lettres (rien que ça), pour désigner la phobie des mots trop longs
Cyclopentanoperhydrophénanthrène
Un mot de 32 lettres qui permet de désigner “un type de noyau qui entre dans la composition d’éléments biochimiques comme le cholestérol par exemple”.
Bonus :Apopathodiaphulatophobie
La phobie de la constipation. 24 lettres cette fois.
Déconstitutionnaliseraient
Et oui, la forme fléchie d’anticonstitutionnellement compte 26 lettres soit une de plus que le “soi-disant” mot le plus long de la langue française. Elle signifie “enlever à un texte son caractère constitutionnel” à la 3ème personne du pluriel du conditionnel présent.
Interdépartementalisation
Le fait de rendre interdépartemental c’est à dire de concerner plus départements différents. Là encore 25 lettres.
Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobie
Un très beau mot de 29 lettres pour désigner la phobie du nombre 666 (le chiffre de la Bête).
Glycosylphosphatidyléthanolamine
Des membranes cellulaires , 32 lettres
Orthochlorobenzalmalonitrile
Un gaz suffocant utilisé pour disperser les émeutiers lors des manifestations qui dégénèrent. 30 lettres.
Nous aimerions de recevoir d`autres mots de ce genre.
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Biomedical Engineer
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Assess patients Assess patients' mental, physical and psychosocial conditions. Identify mental-health needs, risk factors and changes in patients' behaviour or condition. Monitor patients in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Provide mental-health nursing care...
