Umuti w`ibikomere by`umutima
UMUTI W`IBIKOMERE BY`UMUTIMA
Mubuzima tubayeho kuri iyi si, hari igihe tugerwaho n`ibitubabaza, biturutse kunshuti zacu, kumiryango yacu, kubaturanyi, ku bo dukorana cyangwa no kubandi tutatekerezaga ko batugirira nabi.
Nubwo bose baba ari abantu bacu babugufi, ntibitangaje kuba batubabaza kuko umuntu ni umuntu! Umuntu yakugambanira akagutenguha, ariko Yesu ntiyadutererana, ntiyadusiga.
Mubuzima hariho ibidukomeretsa ariko Imana Ibasha kutwomora no kudukiza
Hari ibintu byinshi kandi bikomeye bya komerekeje umutima wawe, birawuremerera cyane kuburyo no kubitekereza gusa bikubera umutwaro, amarira agahora atemba mumaso yawe, ndetse ukifuza no kuba utabitekereza kuko birushaho kugushengura umutima.
Umuhanuzi Yeremiya yaravuze ati Iyo ntekereje umubabaro wanjye, amakuba yanjye n`ibyanshaririye byose ubugingo bwanjye buriheba.
Iri jambo riratwerekako igihe cyose wibutse ibyakubabaje bikongera kugukomeretsa,igikomere cyawe cy`umutima kiba kitari cyakira…..
Ngufitiye amakuru meza; Imana Irashaka kugukiza
Imana Irashaka kugukiza ibikomere byose watewe n`ubuzima bugoye wanyuzemo, kugirango wegukomeza kubaho mubyahise ahubwo ngo unezezwe n`igihe cyawe urimo ndetse unabone uko wubaka ejo hawe hazaza.
Reka dusangire iri jambo ryo muri Zaburi 147:3 rivugango “Akiza abafite imitima imenetse, Apfuka inguma z’imibabaro yabo”
Muvandimwe,reka kurira, ishakemo imbaraga wemerere Imana Igukize, kuko yifuza kuguhoza amarira nokukuramiza amaboko yayo y`impuhwe.
Ni iki gisabwa ngo ukire vuba ibikomere by`umutima?
1. Uragirwa inama yo kwemera nokwakira ko ibyakubayeho byakubabaje ndetse bikaba byaranagukomerekeje. Wibihunga ngo ugerageze kubyiyibagiza nkaho bitakubayeho nubwo nabyo atari umwitozo ukoroheye, doreko no kubitekerezaho gusa bikubera undi mubabaro.
2. Ukwiriye kwishakamo imbaraga zo kubabarira umuntu cyangwa abantu bagukomerekeje.
3. Gerageza usenge, uririre Imana nk`umubyeyi wacu twese nayo ikiranukira kutugirira neza izaza ibohore umutima wawe kandi iguhe gukira no gukomera by`iteka.
Nkwifurije amahoro y`Imana
Menya ibiranga umukoresha mwiza
Murwego rwo kugabanya ubushomeri ndetse nokuzamura itera mbere ry`ibihugu bikiri munzira yamajyambere, abaturage b`ibyo bihugu bararwana inkundura bahanga imirimo mishya ikorwa n`umuntu kugiti cye cyangwa se babinyujije mugushyiraho ibigo b itandukanye.
Nubwo iki gitekerezo ari cyiza ariko se ibi bigo bishingwa bigera kuntego zabyo kuruhe rugero?
Mubyukuri, ibigo byose bishingwa muburyo bumwe ahubwo uburyo bwimikorere no gushyira gahunda kumurongo bigenda bitandukana bitewe nikigo iki cyangwa kiriya. Ibigo bimwe ushobora gusanga bikura byihuta ndetse bikagira numurongo wimikorere uhamye nyamara ugasanga ibindi atari uko bimeze.
Urubuga amarebe.com rwakwegeranirije imico (characteres) 8 umukoresha cyangwa uwo dukunze kwita patron cyangwa boss agomba gutunga kugiramgo ikigo cye cyangwa akazi ke muri rusange kabashe kugenda neza.
1. Ubwigenge busesuye (Independance): Nubwo umuyobozi mwiza atagomba kwirengagiza ibitekerezo byabo bakorana, ariko agomba kuba afite ubwisanzure ntagereranywa bwo gufata ibyemezo cyane cyane ashingiye kubitekerezo yahawe nabo bakorana.
2. Gushyira mugaciro: Umuyobozi mwiza agomba kurangwa no gushyira mugaciro, akamenya igihe cye cyo gukora ndetse n`icyo kureka abo bakorana bagakoresha ubwenge bwabo.
3. Gufata inshingano (Responsabilite): Umuyobozi mwiza akwiriye kumenya agaciro numwanya afite mukigo ayobora. Agomba guhangayikishwa niterambere ryimirimo bakora ndetse niry`abo bakorana.
4. Kugira gahunda: Umuyobozi agomba kuba afite ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho intego yumvikana kugirango abakozi bayikurikire bakoresheje ingamba zashyizweho nikigo bakorera kandi iyo ntego ikaba inarengera inyungu zicyo kigo ariko zitanirengagije iz`abakozi.
5. Kwigirira icyizere: Umuyobozi mwiza agomba kuba afite ubushobozi bwogushyira mubikorwa ubushobozi bwe, ubumenyi bwe ndetse n`uburambe bwe byose kunyungu z`abo bakorana.
6. Kuba intangarugero: Umuyobozi mwiza agomba kuba bandebereho atari ukugaragaza ko ari hejuru y`abo bakorana, ahubwo akoresheje ubunyangamugayo bwe ndetse n`ubwitange mumirimo ye yaburi munsi .
7. Gushimira: Umukoresha mwiza agomba gushimira buri kintu cyose cyiza umwe mubakozi yakoze kuko bimutera imbaraga zo gukora ibindi byinshi, ibyo bikarushaho guteza imbere ikigo runaka.
8. Umutima wogukorera hamwe: Umukoresha mwiza agomba kuba afite ubushobozi bwo gukorera hamwe n`abandi bakozi ndetse no gukemurira hamwe nabo ikibazo cyose cyaba kibonetse abinyujije munzira y`inama cyangwa indi nzira ibahuriza hamwe.
Ibibera mu iseta yo kwa muganga
Birashoboka ko waba wararwaye cyangwa ukarwaza indwara runaka,wajya kwivuza muganga akakubwirako mubisubizo by`uburwayi bwawe harimo no kubagwa!
Birashoboka ko yahise aguha gahunda yo kuzaza kubagwa (Rendez-vous) ndetse akaguha n`amabwiriza uzakurikiza mbere yo kuza kubagwa arimo ibyo uzarya, uko uzabirya nibindi. Umuntu wese yahita atekereza ubwoba wagize cyangwa se n`ibitekerezo byinshi warurimo wibaza uko bizakugendekera umunsi uzagera ku iseta.
Urubuga amarebe.com rwaguteguriye iyi nkuru kugirango igusobanurire byinshi utashoboye kumenya ubwo wari muri icyo cyumba igihe wabagwaga ndetse ngo nawe utarajyamo umenye ukuri kw`ibihabera.
Ubundi se iseta ni iki?Nkuko tubikesha inyandiko zitandukanye ndetse n`ibiganiro amarebe.com yagiranye n`abantu batandukanye bakorerea muri iki cyumba, iseta ni ijambo ryabaye ikinyarwanda nyamara riturutse kurindi jambo ry’ururimi rw’icyongereza ryitwa Theatre.
Iri jambo theatre rikaba rituruka naryo ku ijambo ry`ikigereki “theatron” risobanura ugenekereje aho barebera (Place for viewing)
Mumateka, iri jambo Theatre ryasobanuraga icyumba abanyeshuli bigaga iby`ubuzima, abarwaza n`abandi babishakaga bicaraga bakurikirana igikorwa cyo kubaga umurwayi cyashoboraga kuba kirimo kubera hafi aho ngaho.
Icyakora ubu iri jambo ryabonye andi asobanura neza iki cyumba kibagirwamo umurwayi nk`operating theater, operating room (OR), operating suite, or operation suite, yose akaba asobanura kimwe mubice byingenzi bigize ibitaro kikaba gikorerwamo ubuvuzi butandukanye busaba kubaga ndetse no gukata ku uruhu cyangwa ibindi bice byumubiri wumurwayi hakoreshejwe ibikoresho n`ubumenyi bihanitse.
Tubibutse ko iseta yambeye yubatswe mu 1804 muri leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika mubitaro bya Pennsylvania Kandi ikaba ibikoresho n’ubwo igaragara nk`ishaje.
Iseta iba iteye gute?
Nubwo ushobora gusanga ibi byumba bifite itandukaniro iri cyangwa ririya mubitaro bitandukanye,icyakora hari iby`ingenzi ibibyumba bigomba kuba bihuriyeho. Muribyo twavuga:
- Iki cyumba kigomba kuba kibona neza hakoreshejwe akatara yabugenewe bita operating lamps
- Hagomba kuba harimo kandi igitanda kibagirwaho umurwayi kiri munsi yiryo tara.Iki gitanda kikaba cyitwa operating table cyangwa se table d`operation
- Kuba harimo imashini ihambaye ifasha abaganga mugutera umurwayi ikinyinya no kumusinziriza neaza
- Imashini ifasha abaganga guurikirana uko ubuzima bw`umurwayi burimo kugenda (Patient monitor)
- Imashini ifotora mugihe barimo bashaka kureba imbere h`umurwayi barimo kubaga
- Amashanyarazi n’umwuka (oxygen) bikora neza muburyo bidashobora kubura n’umwanya muto n’ibindi byinshi.
Uretse ibikoresho kandi,muri iki cyumba habamo imyambaro yihariye, aho usanga bambaye nk’amakanzu cyangwa se indi myenda idoze kuburyo butangaje, bambaye ingofero,udupfukamunwa (masque) ndetse n’uturindantoki (gants) kuburyo iyo ubonye umwe muribo utapfa guhita umenya uwo ariwe!.
Ibi byose bikorwa hagamijwe kwirinda ubwandu ubwo aribwo bwose (ari ubushobora kuva kumurwayi bujya kubaganga cyangwa se buva kubaganga bujya kubarwayi).
Iyo umurwayi amaze kuvurwa (kubagwa) yoherezwa mukindi gice aruhukiramo aho bakomeza kumukurikiranira hafi.Iyo amaze kumererwa neza agahita yoherezwa mubindi bice by`ibitaro bisanzwe hakurikijwe uburwayi afite.
Tubifurije kugira amagara mazima
Menya uburyo wagabanya inda yawe!
Mubuzima bwacu bwaburi munsi, imibereho myiza ndetse n`ubuzima buzira umuze biza mubyambere biraje ishinga buri wese muritwe. Iyo hari ikitagenze neza mumubiri (aribyo twita uburwayi), duhora twifuza uko cyahita gikemuka ibyo tukabicisha mugushaka abaganga ndetse no gufata imiti itandukanye.
Ariko rero kubera ubuzima tubaho, ibyo kurya bitandukanye, akamenyero cyangwa imyitwarire yacu nayo itandukanye, bishobora gutuma imikorere y`umubiri wacu nayo itandukana kugeza ubwo usanga abantu bagira impinduka ndetse zigaragara n`inyuma kumubili. Aha niho ushobora gusanga umuntu umwe abyibushye bikabije cyangwa se afite ibindi bibazo bitandukanye bibangamira ubuzima bwe. Kimwe muri ibyo bibazo ndetse gikunda kwibasira abantu benshi ni ukugira ibinure byinsi munda bigera aho bitwikira inyama zitandukanye zomunda, bigatuma ubona umuntu yarazanye inda ije imbere cyane cyangwa akanabyibuha muburyo bukabije.
Muri iyi nkuru, amarebe.com yabateguriye byinshi kuri icyo kibazo aho tureberahmawe igitera ibyo binure, ingaruka zabyo ndetse n`uko umuntu yabiganya.
Kugira ibinure byinshi munda byaba biterwa n`iki?
Kugira ibinure byinshi munda bishobora guterwa n`impamvu zitandukanye ariko dore izingenzi:
- Gufata ibyo kurya byanyujijwe munganda cyane cyane ibyiganjemo ibitera imbaraga. Ibyinshi muri ibi bikaba bishobora kongera uburozi (Toxins) mumubiri, amasukari ndetse n`umusemburo witwa cholesterol mumaraso.
- Intege nkeya zihoraho z`umubiri (Sedentarité chronique) zituma umubiri udakoresha ibyangombwa byose byavuye mubyo tuba twariye
- Kutanywa amazi ahagije bigatuma umubili utabasha gusohora imyanda yose ndetse nuburozi buba buri mumubiri bugira uruhare runini mukwiyongera kwibinure mumubiri.
- Guhora ukora ibintu bikuvuna mumutwe cyane (Exposition au stress prolongee)
Ni gute twagabanya ibinure byinshi byo munda?
Ibi binure byinshi byo munda byongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso ndetse nindwara zumutima. Mukurwanya ibi byago, abantu benshi usanga bagerageza gufata amafunguro yihariye (Regime) ndetse bagakora nimyitozo ngorora mubiri ariko akenshi ugasanga ntacyo bibamarira.
Rwifashishije imbuga zitandukanye, urubuga amarebe.com rwegeranije uburyo butandukanye umuntu ashobora kugabanyamo ndetse no kwirinda ibinure byo munda, aribwo bukurikira:
- Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ituma umubiri wose ukoresha imbaraga zose uba wakuye mubyo kurya aho kugirango zose zikomeze zibike mumubiri. Kugirango iyi myitozo igire umusaruro wihuse, ukaba ugiriwe inama yo gukoresha iminota 30 nibura buri munsi mugukora umwe muri iyi myitozo: Kwoga,Kugenda n`amaguru,Gutwara igare,kubyina n`izindi..
- Gufasha imitsi gukura no gukomera: Ikigikorwa gisaba umubiri gutwika imbaraga nyinshi uba wakuye mubyo kurya bigatuma zitaguma mumubili bityo bikakurinda kwiyongera kw`ibinure mumubili. Bikaba rero bigerwaho igihe ukoze imyitozo ikomeza imitsi .
- Gufata ifunguro ryuzuye kandi kugipimo kiri murugero .Byaba byiza ribonetsemo nkibinyampeke, imboga, imbuto nibindi bitagira amavuta menshi ndetse tukanagabanya ibyo kurya byaciye munganda.
- Gufata amafunguro yose ariko cyane cyane irya mugitondo.
- Kunywa amzi menshi kugirango dufashe umubiri gusohora imyanda.
Tubifurije ubuzima buzira umuze!
Ubuzima mbere y’umwaduko wa internet
Ubuzima bwari bumeze bute mbere y`umwaduko wa internet?
Nubwo igihe ikoranabuhanga rya internet ryatangiriye gukoresherezwa kitavugwaho rumwe, ariko bitewe n`imyaka umaze cyangwa se bitewe n`igihe wowe ubwawe wayimenyeye cyangwa watangiriye kuyikoreshereza, ushobora kuba wibuka neza uko ubuzima bwari bumeze mbere y`uko iryo koranabuhanga ryinjira mubuzima bwawe ndetse no mumibereho yawe yaburimunsi.
Niba warimukuru mbere yuko umenya iri koranabuhanga, ushobora kuba uhise wibuka uko watumanagaho n`abandi, uko wigaga, uko washakaga amakuru , uko ubuvuzi bwari bumeze mbese uhise wibuka ubuzima bw`icyo gihe.
Ariko kandi niba waravutse iri korana buhanga ryaramaze gusakara ndetse nogufata umwanya ukomeye mubuzima bwacu bwaburi munsi aho byose tubikoresha kunyereza souris/mous,urubuga amarebe.com rwakwegereranije ibintu 10 byarangaga ubuzima bwaburi munsi muri icyogihe cya mbere y`internet.
- Abantu bicyo gihe bagombaga guhura imbona nkubone igihe bafite umushinga cyangwa igikorwa bagomba gusangira. Ibi byaterwaga nuko ntabundi buryo bwari bwarakabayeho nkubwo tubona ubu nka za facebook, Google Docs cyangwa n`izindi mbuga nkoranyambaga byashoboraga gusimbura inama.
- Mugihe bashakaga kugira inyandiko basoma cyangwa se bashaka kubona igisubizo cy`ikibazo iki cyangwa kiriya, bagombaga kujya mumasomero gushakamo ibitabo bakuramo igisubizo bifuza. Ibi byaterwaga nuko ntarubuga nka Google Cyangwa inkoranyamagambo zokuri murandasi byari byarakabonetse.
- Ikindi cyagoraga abasomyi b`icyo gihe nuko niyo bageraga mu isomero, bitaboroheraga kumenya ibijyanye n`igitabo bashakaka nk`izina ryacyo, aho kibitse n`ibindi. Ibibyo byaterwaga nokutagira za mudasobwa mumasomero ngo zifashishwe mugutanga amakuru yose kubitabo byabaga biri muri iryo somero nkuko bigenda ubungubu.
- Murwego rwo kumenya amakuru atandukanye cyangwa indirimbo zigezweho, aba bantu bagombaga kujya kugura ibinyamakuru bigisohoka cyangwa se bifite inkuru zirusha izindi gukundwa (Hottest news papers and album CDs). Ibi byaterwaga nuko ntabundi buryo bwabagaho nk`ubwo twita za iTunes na za Youtube bishobora kuguha imiziki ushaka mumasegonda makeya cyane.
- Mugihe bashakaga kwifotoza cyangwa nogusangiza abavandimwe n`inshuti amafoto yabo,bagombaga kujya mumazu afotora (Studios) bakifotoza bakanahanaguza amafoto hanyuma bakaba bayashyira abo bashaka kuyasangiza ari amafoto afatika (Album Physique/Physical album) .
- Ibi babikoraga kuberako nta Camera zigezweho (Digital camera) ndetse n`uburyo bwo kwifotora twita selfie byari bihari.Ikindi kandi ntihariho imbuga nkoranyambaga nka za facebook, instagram cya ngwa tweeter ngo bohererezanye amafoto batiriwe bava aho bari nkuko tubikora ubu.
- Kubantu bakoraga ingendo zakure, bagombaga gukoresha amakarita ashushanije kumpapuro kugirango babashe kumenya aho bava n`aho bajya. Ntayandi mahitamo bari bafite kuko batagiraga ikoranabuhanga twita GPS, cyangwa ama telephone afite porogaramu yitwa Google maps bikwereka icyerekezo.
- Abantu bambere y`ikorana buhanga rya internet, ntibari borohewe nokugendana na za mudasobwa zabo kuko zari nini cyane ndetse zitanabasha gukora ibintu bimwe nabimwe ubu dukoresha za mudasobwa ngendanwa ndetse n`amatelephone agezweho.
- Ntibahoboraga kandi kugura ibintu batavuye aho bari kandi mugihe gitoya, ahubwo babikoraga bakoresheje kuzuza impapuro (Cathalogue/form) bakazohereza aho bashaka kuzagura ibyobakeneye bakoresheje amaposita, kuburyo byabageragaho hashize igihe kinini kandi wenda bitanameze uko bashaka. Ntamahirwe yo kugura kuri internet/Online nkuko ubu twebwe tubikora.
- Abagize umuryango bajyaga bafata umwanya wo kuganira ndetse no gutarama kuko bari batarabona program zitandukanye zibarangaza zirimo nka whatsapp, facebook, youtube n`izindi
Wowe se ntabindi wibuka ngo usangize abasanze ubuzima bwose ari ukunyereza souris/mouse?
Menya ibihugu bitoya kurusha ibindi ku isi
Ubundi se igihugu ni iki?
Nkuko tubikesha ibitabo n` imbuga zitandukanye, tugenekereje igihugu ni ubutaka bufite imipaka izwi kurwego mpuzamahanga,bukaba butuwe n`abaturage kandi bafite ubuyobozi bwigenga.Buri gihugu kandi kikagira ibirango byacyo birimo ibendera ndetse n`indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu.
Isi dutuyeho ikaba ifite ibihugu bishobora kuba bigera muri 324 ariko ibyemewe n`umuryango mpuzamahanga bikaba bigera kuri 197 nkuko bigaragara munyandiko zitandukanye. Ibyo bihugu byose bibumbiye mumigabane 5 ariyo : Afurika, Uburayi ,Aziya, Amerika na Oseyaniya.
Tubibutseko imigabane itanu ari iboneka kurutonde rw`umuryango mpuzamahanga (UN) ariko hakaba hari n`izindi nyandiko zongeraho umugabane wa antaragitika (antractique) udakunda kubarwa kuberako ahanini utuwe gusa n`inyamaswa, ndetse n`umugabane wa 7 witwa Zealandia bavugako uvumbuwe vuba ukaba ubarizwa munyanja ya pacifika.
Waba se uzi igihugu gitoya muri ibi bihugu bigize isi?
Bitewe n`ikigenderewe, ibi bihugu bikaba bishobora gushyirwa kurutonde uru cyangwa ruriya hagendewe kubintu bitandukanye birimo ubuso (Ingano y`ubutaka bwa buri gihugu), umubare w`abaturage, ubukungu ndetse n`ibindi.
Muri iyi nkuru, amarebe.com yifashishije imbuga zitandukanye yabegeranirije ibihugu 10 birusha ibindi kuba bitoya ku isi nkuko mugiye kubibona hasi:
- Vatikani (Vatican)
Iki gihugu kibarizwa hagati mumugi waRoma kikaba gifite gusa ubuso bwa km². 0,44
n`abaturage bwite hafi 1 000
Kimwe na Vatikani,Monaco nayo ni umugi ariko wahindutse igihugu ibyo bita cité-Etat mururimi rw`igifaransa.
Iki gihugu gifite ubuso bwa km² 2 kikagira n`abaturage barengaho gato 36 000
3 . Nauru
Iki gihugu kiboneka muri Micronesie ho muri Oseyaniya.Kikaba gifite ubuso bungana na km² 21 n`abaturage barenga gato 9 300,iki gihugu kikaba cyarahoze cyitwa ile plaisante
4. Tuvalu
Iki gihugu giherereye munyanja ya Pacifique kikaba gifite ubuso bwa km2 26 kikaba gituwe n`abaturage bagera ku 12 000
5. San Marino
Iki gihugu gifite ubuso bwa km2 61 kigagira abaturage bagera ku 30 000.Iki gihugu kandi kikaba gikikijwe impande zose n`igihugu cy`ubutaliyane.
6.Liechtenstein
Iki nicyo gihugu cyonine gihererreye mumisozi ya Alps kikaba gifite ubuso bwa km2 160 kikagira n`abaturage bagera ku 38.000.
7. Marshal Islands
Iki gihugu kiribarizwa munyanja ya apscifique kikaba gifite ubuso bugera kuri km2 181 n`abaturage barenga 53 000.
8. Saint Kitts and Nevis
Iki gihugu gifite ubuso bugera kuri Km2 261 kikagira n`abaturage 55 000
9. Maldives
Iki gihugu kibarizwa munyanja y`abahinde kikaba gifite ubuso bungana na km2 298 n`abaturage bangana n`427,756
10. Marta
Igihugu gitoya kwisi kiza kumwanya wa 10 ni iki cya marta,kikaba gifite ubuso bungana na km2 316 kianagira abaturage barenga 408 000.
Ushobora gusangiza n`abandi wohereza ijambo ” https://amarebe.com“
Menya byinshi kumunsi wo kubeshya
Ubusanzwe mumico y`abantu bagira iminsi mikuru itandukanye bakagira n`uburyo bayizihiza bitewe n`impamvu z`iyo iminsi. Ishobora kuba ari iminsi yashyizweho na za leta , amadini cyangwa rimwe narimwe n`amatsinda yabantu kugi cyabo.
Muri iyo minsi twavugamo nk`umunsi mukuru wa Noheli hizihizwa ivuka rya Yesu/Yezu kubabyemera,Pasika mukwibuka izuka rya Yesu/Yezu,Ubunani mugutangira umwaka mushya,umunsi w`ubwigenge kubihugu bitandukanye, iminsi y`amavuko n`ibindi.
Nonese umunsi wo kubeshya wo waje ute?
Umunsi wamenyekanye nk`umunsi wokubeshya ni umunsi mucyongereza bise April Fools Day cyangwa jour des fous mugifaransa ukaba ugenekereje wawita umunsi w`ibigoryi cyangwa w`abasazi ariko uba mukwezi kwa kane,ukaba ari umunsi ngaruka mwaka abantu batandukanye bizihiza ku italiki ya mbere y`ukwezi kwa kane ukaba ubundi urangwa nibiganiro by`inzenya, gusetsa, gusebanya ndetse no gukwirakwiza ibihuha, aho usanga nabimwe mubitangaza makuru bitangaza amakuru atariyo murwego rwo kwizihiza uwo munsi.
Uyu munsi kandi ntiwizihizwa n`abantu bakuru gusa ahubwo usanga n`abana batoya bawizihiza aho bafata ibishushanyo by`amafi bikoze mumpapuro cyangwa n`ibindi bintu bisekeje bakabyomeka mumigongo y`abantu rwihishwa kugirango babone uko babaseka cyangwa babakoza isoni.
Uyu munsi waba warakomotse hehe?
Nubwo inkomoko y`uyu munsi itavugwaho rumwe ,hari abavugako yaba ifitanye isano n`iminsi mikuru y`abaromani yitwaga Hiralia aho iyominsi yari yarahariwe bimwe mubigirwa mana byabo bikuru ukaba warabaga ku wa 25 Werurwe aho gukoresha ibinyoma, amakabyankuru n`ibihuha byabaga byemewe.
Muri uko kutavugarumwe kunkomoko y`umunsi wo kubeshya,hari izindi nyandiko zivugako ko uyu muco w’ibinyoma watangiye mu gihe cy’ubwami bwa Constantine, ubwo itsinda ry’abanyarwenya n’ababeshyi ryabwiraga uyu mwami w’abami w’abaromani ko bashoboraga kuyobora neza igihe bari kuba bagizwe abami.
Icyo gihe umwami byaramushimishije maze yemerera umunyarwenya witwa Kugel kuba umwami umunsi umwe gusa.Kugel ahita aca iteka ryo gusetsa kuri uwo munsi, maze uwo muco uhita ugirwa ngarukamwaka.
Mbese wowe utekereza iki kuri uyu munsi?
Muby`ukuri nubwo murwanda ntabirori bigaragara bihakorerwa,usanga hari abantu batari bakeya bazirikana kubaho kw`uyu munsi ugasanga bagerageza kubesha ndetse no kubeshyera abandi ndetse batitaye no kumategeko yImana cyane cyane irya 8 cyangwa se n`indanga gaciro na kirazira by`umuco Nyarwanda.
Menya umubare w`umusatsi dutunze!!
Umusatsi ni iki?
Kimwe n`ibindi bice by`umubili w`umuntu ndetse n`uwinyamaswa bihuza umubiri w`imbere ndetse n`isi yo hanze nk`inzara, amababa, uruhu rukomeye rw`inyamanswa zimwe nazimwe nk`inzoka, akanyamasyo n`izindi, amajanja , umusatsi ugizwe ahanini na proteine yitwa Kératine iwurinda imbaraga zituruka kuzuba zitwa UV ndetse n`ibindi bintu bishobora kuwangiza.
Waba se uzi umubare w`umusatsi wawe?
Nubwo ntamubare uzwi neza w`umusatsi uba kumutwe w`umuntu, icyakora inyandiko zitandukanye zigaragazako umuntu agira hagati y`imisatsi 100 000 – 150 000 ariko iyi mibare ikaba ishobora gutandukana bitewe n`igitsina, ibara ry`umusatsi, imyaka ndetse n`uburyo umuntu abayeho.
Urugero rusobanura ibi nuko umusatsi wijimye uba ubyibushye kurusha umusatsi werurutse, bityo umusatsi werurutsera ukaba ushobora kuba mwinshi kumutwe kurenza umusatsi wijimye.
Inyandiko zitandukanye zikomeza zivugako umuntu atakaza imisatsi iri hagati ya 40 na 50 kumunsi ariko kandi ikaba ishobora no kwiyuburura buri myaka 2-4 kubagabo n`imyaka 4-7 kubagore ikazabikora hafi inshuro 10 aho noneho umusatsi uzatangira kujya umera ari umweru kuberako ibitunga umusatsi biba bimaze gukendera kubera imyaka tuba tugezemo.
Nigute se umuntu azana uruhara?
Uruhara ni itakara ry`umusatsi riva mukubura imisatsi iri hejuru ya 50 kumunsi nk`uko twabibonye hejuru, bikaba bishobora guterwa n`uruhererekane rw`umuryango (herdite) cyangwa se bikaba byaturuka kuzindi mpamvu nko gushira kw`ibitunga umusatsi kubera gukura n`ibindi.
Hakaba hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura uruhara cyangwa nibura kugabanya umuvuduko wokugwa kw`umusatsi hakoreshejwe amavitamine atandukanye ndetse n`indi miti nka « Remède-miracle » contre la calvitie (Le Pèlerin, 1913), Finastéride, Minoxidil, Dutastéride n`indi ushobora kubwirwa na muganga.
Kimwe n`izindi ngingo z`umubili wacu, umusatsi nawo ukeneye gukorerwa isuku muburyo butandukanye ariko ubw`ingenzi twavuga ni nko kuwumesamo dukoresheje amasabune yabugenewe, kwiyogoshesha igihe byabaye ngombwa, kudahora kuzuba, gusiga amavuta yabugenewe umutwe, kudasokoresha igisokozo kimwe muri benshi n`ibindi.
Ikiguzi gitangaje cy`umwuka duhumeka
Bakunzi b`urubuga amarebe.com, mbere y`uko tuganira kumwuka duhumeka, reka tubanze tuvuge gatoya kucyitwa ubuzima (la vie/life) muri rusange. Birahoboka ko atari ubwambere wibajije kuri iri jambo cyangwa se ukaba warumvise abaritindaho doreko abantu bagiye bariha ibisobanuro bitandukanye.
Bamwe bati ubuzima ni urukundo, abandi bati ubuzima ni ukwizera, abafirosofe nka Aristotle bati ubuzima ni ibyishimo, hari n`abavuga ko ubuzima ari ukugira abana, amafaranga ndetse n`ibindi wenda nawe wumvise.
Arikose mubyukuri ubuzima ni iki?
Muri rusange nta gisobanuro gihuriweho n`abantu bose gisobanura ubuzima (Universal scientific definition/Definition scientifique universelle) icyakora ibisobanuro byinshi bigenda bigira aho bihurira bivugako ubuzima ari uburyo/imimerere bitandukanya inyamaswa, ibimera ndetse n`ibindi biremwa bigashyirwa mubyiciro bibili by`ingenzi aribyo tugenekereje twakwita ibiremwa bihumeka (les etres vivants) nk`abantu, ibimera n`inyamaswa ndetse n`ibidahumeka (les non vivants) nk`amabuye, ibikoresho bitandukanye n`ibindi.
Muburyo bwagutse, ibiremwa bihumeka bikaba birangwa by`umwihariko nokuba bishobora guhumeka, bigakenera kurya, kuba bishobora gukora imyanda, kuba bishobora kubyara no gukura , kuba bishobora kumva no gukora, kuba bigira igihe cyo gupfa,n`ibindi.
Ni ibihe byangombwa shingiro ikinyabuzima by`umwihariko umuntu gikenera kugirango kibeho?
Iyo urebye neza usanga ibinyabuzima bikenera ibintu bitandukanye aribyo umwuka, amazi, ibyo kurya, kuruhuka n`ibindi ariko muri iyi nkuru tugiye kwibanda gusa kumwuka (ogisijene,oxygene/oxygen) ukenerwa n`umuntu kugirango abashe kugira byabintu biranga ubuzima nkuko twabibonye haruguru.
Ubundi se umwuka duhumeka uva hehe?
Ubundi iyo umuntu ahumeka yinjiza umwuka usanzwe twagereranya n`umuyaga (air atmospherique/atmosheric air) uba ugizwe n`imyuka itandukanye ariyo oxygene igize 21% by`uwo mwuka,78% by`umwuka witwa Azote hakiyongeraho n`urundi ruvange rw`imyuka nka carbone,argon ndetse na methane bigize 1% by`umwuka duhumeka.
Iyo duhumetse rero twinjiza urwo ruvange rwose hanyuma inzira z`ihumeka zirimo ibihaha zikayungurura uwo mwuka zikavanamo oxygen ikoreshwa mumubili wacu hanyuma zigasohora indi myuka tudakeneye.
Ni umwuka (oxygene/oxygen) ungana gute umubili wacu ukeneye kugirango tubeho?
Nkuko bigaragara munyandiko zitandukanye ndetse no mubiganiro amarebe.com yagiranye n`abakora muby`ubuzima , umuntu mukuru iyo arihamwe yinjiza hagati ya litiro 7-8 kumunota z`umwuka. Ubwo ni ukuvuga ko zaba hafi litiro 11 000 z`umwuka kumunsi.
Nkuko twabibonye,umwuka duhumeka uba urimo 21% bya oxygene dukeneye kandi umuntu akaba akeneye nibura 5% bya oxyegene mugihe ahumetse rimwe. Ibi biratwereka ko 20% bya oxygen byongera gusohokana na yamyuka tudakeneye kandi tukabonako umubili wacu ukenye oxygene igera kuri litiro 550 za oxygen kumunsi zingana na 5% z`umwuka wose tuba twinjije.
Mbese waba uzi ikiguzi cy`umwuka duhumeka?
Bakunzi b`urubuga amarebe.com, reka dufatanye imibare yoroshye turebere hamwe agaciro ka oxygen duhumeka.
Nkuko twabivuze haruguru, niba dukenera nibura litiro 550 za oxygene kumunsi kandi litilo imwe ya oxygen ikaba igura amafaranga hafi 300 ni ukuvugako dukeneye nibura amafaranga kuburyo bukurikira ngo tubashe kubaho:
Kumunsi: Litilo 550*300= Amafaranga 165 000
Ku kwezi:Litiro 550*300*30= Amafaranga 4 950 000
Kumwaka:Litiro 550*300*30*12= Amafaranga 59 400 000
Kugirango tubashe kurebera hamwe igiciro cya oxygene tumaze gukoresha, reka nifateho urugero icyakora nawe usoma ushyiremo imyaka yawe hanyuma muri comments uzadusangize amafaranga wabonye.
Niba mfite imyaka 37 ubwo maze gukoresha:
Litiro 550*300*30*12*37=amafaranga 2 197 800 000 !!!
Tubibutseko igihe inzira zihumeka zidakora neza kwamuganga bashobora guha umurwayi uyu mwuka bakoresheze imashini z`ikorana buhanga arinaho umurwayi ahera yishyura aya mafaranga tumaze kubara.
Dufatanye gushima Imana kuko uyu mwuka iyo tuba tuwugura buri gihe hari guca uwambaye!!!!
Ibikomeye byavuzwe na mutagatifu Tereza
Ubundi se mutagatifu Tereza nimuntu ki?
Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu uzwi cyane mu idini Gatorika nka mutagatifu Tereza cyangwa mama Tereza w`i Karikuta yavukiye aho bita Anjezë Gonxhe mugihugu cya Albania ku italiki ya 26 /08/1910 mumugi witwaga Skopje, ubu ni umurwa mukuru wigihugu cya Macedonia ya ruguru ari naho yabatirijwe nyuma yumunsi umwe avutse ni ukuvuga ku italiki ya 27/08/1910 aba ari nawo uhinduka umunsi we w`amavuko.
Tereza niwe wari umukobwa muto w`ababyeyi be Nikolle na Dranafile Bojaxhiu (Bernai). Se umubyara akaba yari numunyepolitike mugihugu cyabo ,yitabye Imana mu mwaka w1919 Tereza afite gusa imyaka 8.
Twifashishije inyandiko ya Joan Graff Clucas ivuga kubuzima bwa Tereza,Tereza yari umwana ushimishijwe cyane ninkuru zubuzima bw`abihaye Imana bo mugace yari atuyemo nuko mumyaka 12 gusa yiyemeza nawe kuziha Imana.
Mumwaka wa1928, kumyaka18 Tereza yasize umuryango we ajya kuba mumuryango wabakobwa bihaye Imana witwagaSisters of Loreto mugihugu cya Ireland aho yagombaga no kwigira icyongereza kugirango azabashe kwamamaza ivanjiri n`ibikorwa bya gikiristu ahantu henshi.
Tereza yaje kujya mugihugu cy` Ubuhinde mumwaka w1929 atangira igice cye cyambere cyinyigisho zokwiha Imana (noviciat/Novitiate) mugace bita Darjeeling hanyuma abona amasezerano ye yambere kuwa 24/05/1931.
Tereza yaje kugira andi masererano yakabili kuwa 14/05/1937 ndetse aza gutorerwa kuba umuyobozi mumwaka w1944. Yakomeje gukorera imirimo ye mugace k`uburasirazuba bwa Karikuta (Calcutta) arinako afasha abatishoboye bomuri ako gace.
Tereza yakomje kujya akora imirimo myinshi nkuko bivugwa munyandiko zitandukanye hanyuma aza kwitaba Imana kuwa 5 septembre 1997 i KARIKUTA
Ni ibiki by`ingenzi twakwibukira kuri Tereza?
Nubwo Tereza yakoze ibintu byinshi cyane, yamenyekaniye cyane kumuryango wabakobwa bihaye Imana witwa missionaires de charté mururimi rwigifaransa,bagombaga gukurikiza imyitwarire ndetse n`im ikorere ye.
Uretse kandi ibikorwa bye yakoze,Tereza yasize avuze amagambo menshi kandi yingirakamaro abantu benshi bibuka ndetse bakanayifashisha mubuzima bwaburi munsi.
Urubuga amarebe.com rwabateguriye amwe muri ayo magambo (Tugenekereje mukinyarwanda):
- Abantu akenshi ntibashyira mugaciro kandi barikunda ariko ukwiriye kubababarira !
- Ushobora kuba ufite umutima mwiza, ariko abantu bakakwita indyadya, ariko uzajye ubababarira !
- Nugira icyiza ugeraho (Nutera imbere) abakuryarya ko ari nshuti bazaba benshi ariko ntibizakubuze gukomeza gutera imbere !
- Mugihe uri inyangamugayo ndetse n`umunyakuri, birashoboka ko abantu bazagutesha agaciro,ariko komeza ubunyangamugayo bwawe !
- Nubwo ibyo wubatse mumyaka myinshi hari umuntu waza akabisenya mu ijoro rimwe, ariko gerageza ukomeze wubake !
- Abantu bashobora kuzakubona wishimye bakakugirira ishyari,ariko uzakomeze wishime !
- Nubwo ibyiza ukoze uyumunsi abantu bashobora kuzaba babyibagiwe ejo, ariko komeza ukore ibyiza !
- Nubwo ushobora gutanga icyiza utunze ntikinyure abantu, ariko wowe ukomeze utange icyiza utunze !
Agakomeza agira ati << Ku iherezo buri muntu azajya asobanura ibye ari imbere y`Imana wenyine >> !
Waruzi icyo bita Gucura kw`umugore?
Nkuko nawe uhise ubyibuka ndetse ukanabitekerezaho neza, mumibereho yikiremwa muntu twasanze harimo igihe cyokuvuka, tugakura, tugasaza hanyuma tugapfa. Ibi tukaba tubihuje yaba kubantu bigitsina gore ndetse nabigitsina gabo, bikaba bityo uko imyaka isimburana.
Muri urwo rugendo rwose, umubiri wumuntu niko ugenda ugaragaza impinduka ziherekejwe nibimenyetso binyuranye kandi bitangaje. Muri iyi nkuru, urubuga rwanyu amarebe.com rwabateguriye byinshi kugihe kidasanzwe cyitwa Gucura kw`abagore (menopause).
Mbese gucura kw`umugore (menopause) ni iki?
Gucura kw`umugore ni icyiciro cyubuzima abagore bose banyuramo guhera mumyaka mirongo itanu (50) yubukure, kikaba kirangwa byumwihariko no guhagarara kwimihango yaburi kwezi ndetse nibindi bimenyetso byo kubyara birimo uburumbuke, ikorwa ryimisemburo itandukanye nibindi.
Abaganga bo bemeza ko umugore yacuze iyo nibura amaze hejuru y`amezi cumi nabili akurikirana atajya mumihango, hanyuma kandi gucura bikaba bibanzirizwa n`ikindi gihe kingana n`imyaka hagati yibili n`irindwi (2-7) kikaba cyitwa périménopause. Iki gihe cyo kikaba kirangwa nimihindagurikire ikomeye y`ukwezi kw`umugore.
Iyo umugore acuze arimunsi yimyaka mirongo ine, bavugako acuze imburagihe aribyo byitwa menopause premature mururimi rwigifansa.
Ibi bikaba bishobora kugwirira umugore byizanye cyangwa se byatewe nimpamvu zinyuranye zirimo imiti imwe nimwe, Kuba yakwivuriza kenshi mumamashini akoresha ingufu zokurwego rwa X (X-ray machines cyangwa machines a rayons X) n`izindi nyinshi…
Ni ibihe bimenyetso byakubwira ko umuntu afite ikibazo cyo gucura imburagihe?
Ibimenyetso bikurikira cyangwa se bimwe muri byo bishobora kwerekana ko umugore afite ibyago byinshi byo gucura imburagihe.
Muri ibyo bimenyetso harimo nk`imihindagurikire idasobanutse yukwezi kwumugore kugeza ubwo ashobora kubura imihango mugihe kigera mumezi atatu akurikirana, kubura ibitotsi cyangwa agasinzira nabi, guhindura imyitwarire ndetse nuko yabanaga nabandi, kumagara mumyanya ndanga gitsina, gutakaza ubushake bwimibonano mpuzabitsina n `ibindi.
Ni izihe ngaruka zo gucura imbura gihe (Menopause precoce)?
Ingaruka ikomeye yo gucura imbura gihe (menopause precoce) kubagore ni ukutabasha gusama kandi bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina kuburyo buhoraho mugie kingana nibura n`amezi cumi nabili (12) cyangwa mumezi atandatu kuzamura iyo umugore arengeje imyaka 35.
Iyi menopause precoce kandi ishobora gutera umugore ibindi bibazo birimo koroha ndetse no kuvunika kwamagufa, indwara zumutima n`inzindi.
Mbese ikibazo cyo gucura imbura gihe kiravurwa kigakira?
Niba abantu babana bamaze igihe kinga numwka cyangwa amezi atandatu (igihe umugore arengeje imyaka 35) bakora imibonano mpuza bitsina burigihe kandi idakinye bakaba badasama, nibyiza kujya kwamuganga kugirango babakorere ibizamini bitandukanye (imisemburo nibindi) hamenyekane ko ntakindi kibazo bafite cyababuza kubyara hanyuma gishakirwe imiti.
Sobanukirwa n`imashini bashyiramo abana bakivuka
Bakunzi burubuga amarebe.com, umunsi umwe wigeze kujya kubyarira kwa muganga cyangwa se ujya gusurayo umubyeyi wabyariyeyo. Birashobokako umwana amaze kuvuka bahise bamutandukanya na mama we, bamujyana mucyumba cyihariye, gisukuye cyane kandi kirimo imashini nyinshi, ndetse nabaganga banyuranamo bita kumpinja zari aho hanyuma uwawe nawe akitabwaho hamwe n`abo bana bandi.
Icyo cyumba cyita kumpinja zikivuka kugeza nibura kuminsi 28 uhereye igihe umwana yavukiye bacyita Neonatology/Neonatologie, naho imashini nini wabonyemo zitwa Infant incubator abantu benshi bazi nka Couveuse (Soma kuveze).
Iyo mashini yitwa couveuse se imarira iki umwana uyirimo?
Iyi mashini rero ikaba yifashishwa nkigikoresho umwana ashyirwamo kugirango abone ubushyuhe buri kugipimo kingana nubushyuhe bwomumubili wumuntu (36.5-37.5 degre selecious), kugirango umwana bamurinde urusaku no kuba yakwanduzwa indwara iyo ariyo yose (Infection),kugirango ahabwe umwuka woguhumeka (Oxygene/Oxygen) ndetse no kugirango akurikiranirwe imikorere y`umutima (cardiac Monitoring).
Koko se Couveuse/infant incubator ni imashini bashyiramo umwana wavutse atagejeje igihe?
Nyuma yo kuganira nabantu batandukanye bakora mubitaro muri rusange, ariko no munzu zita kubana bakivuka byumwihariko, amarebe.com yasanze imvugo ikoreshwa nabantu benshi ivugako neonatologi ndetse na za couveuse bigenewe abana bavutse batujuje igihe atariyo neza kuko iyi nzu ishobora nokwakira abana bavukiye igihe ariko bafite ibindi bibazo bisaba kwitabwaho muburyo bw`umwihariko.
Muri ibyo bibazo twavugamo nko kuvuka umwana ananiwe cyane cyangwa adahumeka neza kuburyo aba akeneye gufashwa guhumeka, igihe umwana yavukanye ingingo zimwe zituzuye cyngwa se zitameze neza, ubwandu butandukanye (infection) n`ibindi.
Mbese ni ibiki umwana ukivuka akorerwa igihe ari muri neonatologie?
Mugihe umwana ari muri neonatologie, abaganga bamukorera ibintu bitandukanye birimo kumugaburira no kumuha imiti itandukanye hakoreshejwe uburyo bunyuranye burimo n`imashini (Perfusion), gufasha umwana guhumeka neza hifashishijwe imashine bita CPAP cyangwa se Patient ventilator, gupima no gukurikirana uko umutima utera,ndetse ningano y`umwuka (oxygen )umwana afite aribyo byitwa Patient monitoring.
10 Habits Of All Successful People!
Success means different thing to different people.For some it might be the financial achievements,becoming a millionaires for example and accolades for others.
For sports men,it may mean trophies,champions or medals.For same being succesfull means achieving a state of wellness,hearth or hapness. What ever it means to you,take a note of these ten habits of all succesful pople.They ap[ply to any area and any meaning of success.
- They set the goals
Chances are you’ve never met a successful person that doesn’t set goals, because the chances of finding what you want without a clear target to move toward are slim and none. If you don’t know where you are going, you will end up some place else. Setting goals should be the number one priority for anyone seeking success.
Define exactly what it is you want – your (end goal). Break down exactly what is required to get there –(mini goal) . Make sure your purpose, your “why” is strong, so when you hit those roadblocks, when things go wrong as they always do, you have the strength and desire to keep going.
2. They Take Responsibility For Their Life.
Your energy is always best spent in the present, and planning for the future. Your thought process should always be “how can I make this work” and “what can I learn from this”. Never living in the past or making excuses as to why you aren’t where you should be. Remember EVERYONE suffers setbacks, everyone has the opportunity to either blame others & circumstances, or to focus on moving on and creating a better future.
3. They Have Great Self Discipline
It is much easier to have discipline if you have clear goals and a meaningful purpose, something much more important than your distractions.
4. They Are Obsessed With Self Development
Be open to learn new things and develop your mind, through mentors, audio books and reading. The more you learn the more you earn.
5. They Read. A LOT!
Reading is a common past time of many highly successful people. The majority these days can’t sit alone for 2 minutes without becoming “bored” picking up their phone to go on social media, probably to post about how bored they are. Successful people you will find are always happy to be alone, to be quiet, to have the opportunity read something that will benefit their mind, and their future.
If you’re not a reader, try audio books. You can play them in your car and use time that might normally be wasted (travelling to work for example) to gain new skills, new strengths.
6. They Manage Their Time Well
Successful people plan in advance, days, weeks, months ahead, knowing clearly what needs to be done to complete their jobs and reach their goals.
7. They Take Risks
8. They Keep Going When They Suffer Failure & Setbacks
9. They Find A Way To Win
Successful people FIND A WAY. Period. Whatever life throws their way, they deal with it, dodge it, smash through it, whatever is required they find a way to win. It’s the whatever it takes mentality. It’s the confidence in knowing whatever happens, I will give my all and leave nothing on the table. I WILL FIND A WAY TO WIN!
10. They Do What They Love
If you are not doing what you love, you can’t really claim yourself a success. Spending the majority of our life (your working hours) doing things you hate, for money, is not successful living. It’s torture to the soul. Find your life purpose. Think of all the things you love to do more than anything in the world, then brainstorm how you can turn those passions into profit, doing what you love every day. Even if you are taking a pay cut it will be worth it. Do what you love every day, and you will never work a day in your life.
A Vous les francophones!!!
A vous les francophones! Pouvez – vous mémoriser ces 10 mots les plus long de la langue française?
- Dichlorodiphényltrichloroéthane
Un insecticide très puissant de 31 lettres. Plus connu sous le nom de DDT.
- Osophago-gastro-duodénoscopie
Il s’agit d’une procédure de diagnostic endoscopique qui consiste à introduire un tube flexible par la bouche du patient, 27 lettres.
- Aminométhylpyrimidinylhydroxyéthylméthythiazolium
Le nom systématique de la vitame B, 49 lettres.
- Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobie
36 lettres (rien que ça), pour désigner la phobie des mots trop longs
- Cyclopentanoperhydrophénanthrène
Un mot de 32 lettres qui permet de désigner “un type de noyau qui entre dans la composition d’éléments biochimiques comme le cholestérol par exemple”.
- Bonus :Apopathodiaphulatophobie
La phobie de la constipation. 24 lettres cette fois.
- Déconstitutionnaliseraient
Et oui, la forme fléchie d’anticonstitutionnellement compte 26 lettres soit une de plus que le “soi-disant” mot le plus long de la langue française. Elle signifie “enlever à un texte son caractère constitutionnel” à la 3ème personne du pluriel du conditionnel présent.
- Interdépartementalisation
Le fait de rendre interdépartemental c’est à dire de concerner plus départements différents. Là encore 25 lettres.
- Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobie
Un très beau mot de 29 lettres pour désigner la phobie du nombre 666 (le chiffre de la Bête).
- Glycosylphosphatidyléthanolamine
Des membranes cellulaires , 32 lettres
- Orthochlorobenzalmalonitrile
Un gaz suffocant utilisé pour disperser les émeutiers lors des manifestations qui dégénèrent. 30 lettres.
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Ese koko serumu ihabwa umuntu ugiye gupfa?
Mukunzi w`urubuga amarebe.com,ntagushidikanyako hari umunsi wumvise ibyo gutera cyangwa guha umurwayi serumu.Birashoboka ko wahise uhangayikira uwo murwayi ndetse ukumva ko arembye rwose.Arikose koko byaba ari ukuri ko guterwa serumu bivuze ko umuntu arembye ndetse yenda gupfa nkuko benshi babivuga?
Muri iyinkuru twabateguriye amakuru arambuye kuri serumu,icyo aricyo,aho ikoreshwa,akamaro kayo ndetse n`ibindi wayibazagaho.
Ubundi se serumu baba bavuga ni iki?
Ubunsanzwe SERUMU (Serum) ni kimwe mubice bigize amaraso yacu nukuvuga nyuma y`utunyangingo dutukuta (Red blood cells/globule rouge),utunyangingo tw`umweru (white blood cells/Globule blanc) n`utunyangingo dutuma amaraso yacu avura/afata aritwo bita plateltes/plaquettes.
Iki gice rero kikaba kibona iri zina rya serumu kirikuye kukandi kanyangingo kitwa plasma igihe kaba kamaze gutandukanywa nutundi duce dutoya tuba mumaraso hagasigara gusa igice twakwita nkamazi aricyo muby`ukuri kitwa SERUM.Kikaba cyifashishwa mugupima indwara zitandukanye muri laboratwari (Laboratoire/Laboratory) yo kwa muganga.
None se iyi serum yaba ihuriye hehe n`iyo batera abarwayi ?
Twifashishije ibiganiro urubuga amareba.com yagiranye n’abantu banyuranye barimo abakora muma raboratwari ndetse n’abita kubarwayi umunsi kumunsi, twasanze mubyukuri icyo abantu benshi bita serumu ataricyo kuko akenshi babivuga iyo babonye umurwayi arimo ahabwa imiti, ibyo kurya ndetse nibindi byangombwa aba akeneye mumubili ariko bitanyuze mukanwa nkuko tubimenyereye.
Muri icyo gihe,biba birimo gucishwa muzindi nzira nko mumitsi hifashishijwe ubundi buryo butandukanye burimo imashini n`inshinge. Ubwo ababibonye bose bati”umurwayi yarembye ubu bamuteye serumu.
Iri jambo serumu kandi bakaba barikoresha bashatse kuvuga byabyangombwa bindi umurwayi ahabwa birimo nkamazi yitwa normale saline/normal saline, amasukali atandukanye ndetse rimwe narimwe n`ibindi bitunga umurwayi igihe atabasha kurya.
Nubwo rero iyimvugo yo gutera umurwayi serumu usanga akenshi yitiranya ibintu, icyakora ifite inkomoko yahafi kuri yamazi yitwa normal saline/normale saline bajya bifashisha mugutera umurwayi umuti udashobora kunyobwa uciye mukanwa cyangwa se ngo uhite ujya mugifu kubera uko uteye cyangwa bitewe nuko umurwayi amerewe(Ibi bigenwa na muganga).
Kuberako aya mazi ahuje neza imiterere na ya serumu iba mumaraso nkuko twatangiye tubivuga, akaba kandi ashobora kujya mumaraso yumurwayi ntacyo amutwaye,gutanga ayamazi ndetse n`ibindi byangombwa bihabwa umurwayi byaje guhindura izina babona umurwayi ubihabwa bati bamuhaye serumu.
Koko se umurwayi uhabwa serumu aba agiye gupfa?
Birashobokako nawe ushobora kuba wajyaga wibwirako umuntu wese uhawe serumu aba arenbye cyane ndetse yenda no gupfa nkuko benshi babivuga,ariko ntabwo ari ukuri kuko nkuko twabibonye,hari imiti myinshi ndetse n`ibyo kurya umurwayi ashobora gufata atanarembye cyane ahubwo bitewe n`impamvu zitandukanye bigacishwa muzindi nzira.
Zimwe muri izompamvu twavuga ninkokuba umurwayi adashobora kumira,kuba umuti wamutera ingaruka mbi mugifu,kuba bashakako umuti ugera mumaraso vuba,igihe umurwayi yatakaje amazi menshi umubiri we ukumagara n`izindi nyinshi.
Ubu buryo kandi bukaba bukoreshwa mubice hafi yabyose byibitaro ariko cyane cyane munzu yindembe (Intensive care unit/unite des soins intensifs),mu cyuma babagiramo uburwayi butandukanye (Salle doperation/Operation room),mubyumba byabarwayi bafite indwara zimbere mumubiri nahandi.
Mubiganiro urubuga amarebe.com yagiranye nabantu batandukanye ,yashoboye kandi kumenya impamvu ijambo serumu rikoreshwa nabantu benshi bashaka gusobanura ibintu bikeya cyane cyane nk`igihe umuntu ahembwa umushahara mutoya.Ibi bikaba bifitanye isano nuko icyo abantu bita serumu gihabwa umurwayi kungano ntoya ishobora nokugera kubitonyanga icyakora icyo gikorwa kikaba gishobora kumara igihe kini!
Ngibyo ibijyanye n`imvugo “Guha umurwayi serumu“
Menya impamvu inzoka ariyo iranga pharmacie/pharmacy
Bakunzi b`amarebe.com, mutuntu dutangaje tw`uyumunsi urubuga rwanyu rwabateguriye byinshi kandi biteye amatsiko kuri service ya pharmacie/pharmacy muri rusange ariko cyane cyane kukirango (LOGO) cyayo gitangaje.
Mbese Pharmacy/Pharmacie ni iki mubuzima busanzwe ?
Muri rusange ijambo pharmacie/pharmacy rikomoka ku ijambo ry`ikigereki ryitwa pharmakon risobanurira rimwe umuti ndetse n`uburozi. Ikaba ariko igice cy`ubumenyi gishinzwe kwiga no gukora imiti,kumenya nogukurikiranya uko iyo miti ikora, uko itegurwa ndetse n`uko ihabwa abarwayi.
Iri jambo pharmacie/pharmacy kandi rikoreshwa bashaka gusobanura ahantu (inzu) habikwa,hacururizwa cyangwase hatangirwa imiti ariko hagacungwa n`umuntu wabyize ariwe tumenyereye ku izina rya pharmacien/Pharmasist cyangwa nanone chemisist.
Ni iki gitandukanya pharmacie/pharmacy n`izindi nzu?
Uretsekuba wakwinjira muri iyi nzu ikorerwamo ibijyanye n`imiti ugasangamo imiti,ibijyanye nayo ndetse nawamuntu witwa pharcien/pharmacist, iyinzu igira ibimenyetso byihariye kuburyo utagombye no kwinjiramo cyangwa igihe yaba ifunze wahita umenya ikihakorwa.
Muri iyi nkuru twabateguriye ibimenyetso bibili bikoreshwa kurusha ibindi bigaragaza pharmacie/Pharmacy.
1. Ikimenyetso cy` nzoka yizingiye kunkoni ya Asclépios
Inyandiko nyinshi zivugako iki kimenyetso gifite inkomoko kumateka ya Asclépios ikigirwa mana cyari gishinzwe ubuvuzi ndetse no gukiza mu Ubugereki bwakera.
Abashakashatsi bakomeza bavugako icyo kigirwamana ubwo cyari munzira kijya mungoro y`umwami Minos wa Crête kumuzurira umwana wari wari wapfuye cyagiye kitwaje inkoni izingiyeho inzoka ebyiri arinazo zakoreshwaga mukuzura ibyapfuye,kigeze munzira inzoka imwe ishaka kuvuna yankoni hanyuma cya kigirwamana gihita kiyica .Muri ako kanya yanzoka yakabili ihita izura iyambere ikoresheje ibyatsi yarifite mukanwa kayo. Asclépios kuva icyo gihe atangira kujya nawe azura ibyari byapfuye atifashishije za nzoka ahubwo akoresheje ibyo byatsi.Iyi nkoni rero ikomeza gufatwa nk`ifite ubushobozi bwo gukiza nokuzura ibyapfuye
- Inzoka izingiye kugikombe
Imigani n`ibitekerezo bishingiye kumateka y`ubugereki bwa kera bitubwirako Hygeia yari umukobwa akaba n`icyegera cy` ikigirwamana Aesculapius,umuhungu wa Apollo akaba n`umwuzukuru wa Zeus ikigirwamana cy`ubuvuzi nogukiza indwara.
Amateka akomeza atubwirako Zeus yaje kwicisha Aesculapius umurabyo amuziza imbaraga zogukiza indwara yari afite kuko yakekagako azageraho akajya aha abantu n`imbaraga zo kudapfa.
Muri icyo gihe cyo gupfa kwa Aesculapius,nibwo n`inzoka ze ebyili zasanzwe mungoroye nazo zapfuye nyamara mugihe bazikuyemo zihita zongera kubanzima.Ababibonye bose baherako bizerako imbaraga z`ikigirwamana Aesculapius arizo zazuye n`izo nzoka .
Kuva icyo gihe,abagiriki bahita bafata inzoka nk`ikimenyetso cyo kuzuka hanyuma banayifatanya n`igikombe cya wamukobwa witwa Hygeia yakoreshaga yita kuri se,bakanavugako imbaraga zazuye izo nzoka zari zibitse mugikombe cya kiriya kigirwamana Aesculapius.
Kubera uko icyo kigirwamana cyari gikomeye,ibyo bimenyetso byacyo byombi byakomeje guhabwa agaciro kugeza n`aho bikoreshejewe mubuvuzi nk`ibyerekana ubuzima cyangwa kubaho,biza nokwemezwa kujya bikoreshwa kuri za pharmacie/Pharmacy nkuko tubibona ubu!
Did you know medical ultrasound procedure?
In regard of providing more explanations to our followers on medical procedures and their corresponding equipment, amarebe.com has prepared the important post on the medical diagnostic technique called “Medical Ultrasound”
What is a medical ultrasound procedure?
Medical ultrasound (also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography) is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound. It is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons,muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs by involving the use of a small transducers (probes) and ultrasound gel placed directly on the skin.
The high-frequency sound waves are transmitted from the probe through the gel into the body. The transducer collects the sounds that bounce back (echoes) and a computer then uses those sound waves to create an image also known as sonograms which will be finally displayed on the high definition monitor.
The aim of this medical procedure is often to find a source of a disease or to exclude pathology. It is additionally applicable for examining pregnant women where it is called obstetric ultrasound, and was an early development and application of clinical ultrasonography.
Remember that the ultrasound refers to sound waves with frequencies which are higher than those audible to humans (>20 KHz) and that the corresponding medical equipment is called “Ultrasound machine”
What are some common uses of this procedure?
Ultrasound examinations can help to diagnose a variety of conditions and to assess organ damage following illness by evaluating some symptoms such as pain, swelling,infection etc
Many body’s internal organs can be examined by this procedure including but not limited to the:
- Heart and blood vessels,Liver, gallbladders,pancreas,kidneys, bladder.
- Ovaries, and unborn child (fetus) in pregnant patients
- Thyroid and parathyroid gland
- Scrotum(testicles)
- Brain in infants
Ultrasound is also used to guide other procedures such as needles biopsies, in which needles are used to sample cells from an abnormal area for laboratory testing.
What will patient experience during and after the procedure?
Ultrasound examinations are painless and easily tolerated by most patients.
Ultrasound exams in which the transducer is inserted into an opening of the body may produce minimal discomfort.
If a Doppler ultrasound study is performed, you may actually hear pulse-like sounds that change in pitch as the blood flow is monitored and measured.
Most ultrasound examinations are completed within 30 minutes, although more extensive exams may take up to an hour.
After an ultrasound examination, you should be able to resume your normal activities immediately.
What are advantages and drawbacks of ultrasound imaging procedure?
Compared to other dominant methods of medical imaging, ultrasound has several advantages such as:
To provide images in real-time and is portable and flexible to be even brought to the bedside.
It is substantially lower in cost than other imaging modalities and does not use harmful ionizing radiation.
Drawbacks include various limits on its field of view, such as the need for patient cooperation, dependence on physique, difficulty imaging structures behind bone and air, and the necessity of a skilled operator, usually a trained professional
Ibikomeye bibera munzu y`indembe (ICU)
Bakunzi b`amarebe.com, murwego rwo gukomeza kubamara amatsiko ndetse nokubafasha kugira amakuru ahagije kandi yizewe kumirimo ikorerwa kwa muganga, twabateguriye byinshi kubibera munzu yindembe yitwa Intensive care unit (ICU) mururimi rw` icyongereza cyangwa se Ubinte de soins intensifs (USI) mururimi rw`igifaransa.
Inzu y`indembe (ICU ) ni iki?
Inzu y`indembe ni kimwe mubice (Service/department ) bigize ibitaro kikaba gikorerwamo imirimo y`ubuvuzi bwihariye kubarwayi barembye cyangwa se bafite ibindi bibazo by`uburwayi bwihariye kuburyo baba bakeneye gukurikiranirwa hafi no gufashwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bw`ikorana buhanga mubuvuzi (Close monitoring and life support)
Inzu y`indembe irangwa n`iki?
Ikindi kandi usanga muri iyi nzu harimo ibitanda bikeya ndetse n`imashini zikomeye kandi zihagije zokwita kubarwayi bayirwariyemo.Bityo rero abshyitsi bakeya gusa nibo baba bemerewe kwinjira muri iyinzu kugirango batabangamira abarwayi cyangwa se akazi k`ubuvuzi baba barimo kuhatangira.
Niryari umurwayi ajyanwa munzu y`indembe?
Umuntu ujyanwa kurwarira munzu y`indembe ni umuntu gusa ufite ubuzima buri mukaga kubera uburwayi bukabije, kandi akaba anakeneye gukurikiranwa muburyo bw`umwihariko ndetse hanifashishijwe ibyuma bitandukanye bikoresha ikorana buhanga utasanga mubindi bice bisanzwe by`ibitaro!
Umurwayi akaba ashobora koherezwa muri iyinzu bitewe n`impamvu zitandukanye zimo kuba avuye kubagwa, kuba yakoze impanuka, kuba yahuye n`ubushye, kuba yaba afite imwe mundwara zikomeye nk`umutima,uburwayi bw`impyiko n`izindi;kuba yaba afite ubwandu runaka bukomeye (serieous infection) n`izindi mpamvu zitandukanye.
Ni iki mubyukuri kibera munzu y`indembe?
Mubyukuri,iyinzu y`indembe isa nk`aho iteye ubwoba yaba kumurwayi uyizanywemo ndetse yaba nokumurwaza, bitewe n`ibikoresho byinshi biba birimo nkuko twabivuze birimo imashini zifasha abarwayi guhumeka,izibagaburira,izitangamo umwuka mwiza ndetse zikanahagabanyiriza ubushyuhe n`ibindi.
Muri izi mashini zikoresshwa muri iyinzu twavugamo iz`ingenzi nk`izikurikirana imikorere y`umubiri w`umurwayi muri rusange ariko n`umutima by`umwihariko arizo zitwa cardiac monitors ndetse n`izifasha umurwayi guhumeka neza arizo zitwa mechanical ventilators. Izi mashini zose zikaba zirangwa nogutanga amajwi anyuranye ndetse zikaka n`amatara afite amabara atandukanye murwego rwokumenyesha abaganga igihe hari impinduka iyo ariyo yose ibaye kumurwayi runaka.
Muri iyinzu kandi,buri muganga aba afite umurwayi akurikirana umunota kuwundi yifashishije bya bikoresho by`ikorana buhanga twavuze kandi agahora yiteguye kuba yafasha bagenzibe igihe hari umurwayi umeze nabi waba akeneye ubufasha bw`abaganga benshi.
Nkuko twakomeje kubiganiraho,ibukako muri iyinzu umuntu wese urimo arembye.Nubwo rero buri bitaro bigira amabwiriza yabyo agenga gusura abarwayi munzu y`indembe,izi nizimwe munama ukwiriye gukurikiza igihe ushaka gusura umurwayi muri iyinzu:
1. Nibyiza kubanza kuzimya telephone yawe
2. Banza ukarabe intoki kandi wihanagure neza
3. Sibyiza kwihutira kuzana impano munzu y`indembe
4.Wijya gusura umurwayi munzu y`indembe niba wumva utameze neza
Koko se umurwayi ashobora kuva munzu y`indembe agataha akize?
Kimwe n`abandi bantu batari bakeya,ushobora kuba waribajije niba umurwayi ashobora kuva munzu y`indembe akize.
Duhereye kubiganiro amarebe.com yagiranye n`abaganga banyuranye ndetse n`ubuhamya bw`abarwayi bamwe barwariye muri iyinzu,nyuma yokwitabwaho muburyo bwihariye nkuko twabivuze,umurwayi ajya akira agataha murugo cyangwa se akaba yakoherezwa mubindi bice by`ibitaro aho agenda afashirizwa buhoro buhoro kugeza igihe atahiye agasubira mumuryango we.
Tubifurije ubuzima buzira umuze kandi tunabashimira uko mukomeje kudukurikira kuri https://amarebe.com
Amafunguro 5 yakwangiza uyafatiye rimwe (Updated)
Bakunzi bacu; twese turabizi ko ibyo kurya ari ingenzi mubuzima bwacu ndetse ntitwaba twibeshye tuvuzeko kubaho bidashoboka igihe ayamafunguro twayabuze. Icyakora uburyo bwo kuyafata nabwo ni ingenzi cyane kuberako igihe tuyafashe nabi nayo ashobora kuduteza ibindi bibazo birimo uburwayi butandukanye nk`uko tugiye kubirebera hamwe.
Uyu munsi twabateguriye ibyo kurya (amafunguro) by`ubwoko butanu udakwiriye kuvanga cyangwa ngo ubifatire rimwe:
1. Gufatisha ikawa umugati urimo imboga (Sandwich) :
Nubwo abantu benshi bakunda gufata irifunguro yaba mugitondo cyangwa nohagati mumunsi, iri ni ifunguro rishobora kugutera ibibazo kuberako izomboga ziri mumugati zituma calisiumu (calcium) idatunganywa neza ngo ijye gukoreshwa mubice binyuranye byumubili,ibi bikaba byatera imikorere mibi y’ubwonko ndetse n’ibindi bice bikomeye by’umubiri.
2. Kuvanga Inyanya na cocombres/cucumbers:
Izimboga ziri muzikunda gukoreshwa nabantu benshi byumwihariko igihe bakora salade. Nyamara ntibikwiriye ko zitegurirwa rimwe (kuvangwa) kuberako igihe zisaba ngo zitunganywe zimaze kugera mugifu (Digestion time) ntabwo kingana, ibi rero bikaba binaniza umubi, bikaba byagutera nibindi bibazo nko gutumba nibindi.
Aha rero impuguke mumirire zikaba zitanga inama yokuba umunsi umwe wakoresha inyanya hanyuma ukazakosha cocombre undi munsi!
3. Gufata inyama n`ibirayi:
Ibindi byo kurya bikunda kutegurirwa rimwe ni inyama ndetse nibirayi kandi koko abenshi muritwe turabyishimira. Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, sibyiza gufatira rimwe ayamafunguro kuberako proteine ziva munyama ndetse n`isukali iva mubirayi bidakenera ibyangombwa bimwe ngo bibashe gutunganywa igihe bigeze mugifu .
Ibi rero bikaba binaniza imyanya ishinzwe igogora (Digestive system/System digestif) aribyo bitera ingaruka nyinshi nko gutura imibi, kurwara ikirungurira, kuba warwara igifu bitewe nubwiyongere bwa acide nibindi.
4. Kunywa inzoga ugahekenya n`ubunyobwa:
Ubu buryo nabwo buri mubukoreshwa n`abantu benshi cyane cyane mugihe cyo kuruhuka ndetse no mugihe cyo kuganira. Gusa sibyiza kubifatira rimwe kuko ubunyobwa buba burimo umunyu mwinshi bugatuma umuntu arushaho kugira inyota no kumagara (dehydration) nabyo bikamutera kunywa inzoga nyinshi.Twibukeko iyi nzoga nayo iba ifite isukari nyinshi, bivuzeko rero nayo iziyongera mumubiri ikaba yatera ibibazo byinshi birimo diabete, umuvuduko udasanzwe wamaraso n`ibindi.
Impuguke mumirire zikaba zitanga inama yokuba wafata mazi igihe urimo ufata ububunyobwa burimo umunyu.
5. Gufata amata arikumwe n`iminike:
Ibi byo kurya bikunze gukoreshwa cyane n`abakunzi ba sport ndetse nabandi bakeneye ibyo kurya mugihe gito kuko bidasaba umwanya munini wokubitegura.
Ariko nubwo ibi byokurya bifite intunga mubili nyinshi, iyo bifatiwe rimwe bishobora kubangamira igogora ndetse bikaza nokukubuza kusinzira neza.Tubibutseko impuguke mumirire zitugira inama yokudafatira rimwe imbuto cyane cyane iziryohereye kuko zimara igihe kinini mugifu byumwihariko iyo tuziririye rimwe nibindi byo kurya.
Indi nkuru bijyanye:
Ibyo utaruzi kumwambaro wambarwa n`abarangije amashuli
Birashoboka ko nawe wigeze gutekereza no kwibaza cyangwa akaba ari ubwambere wumvise ibijyanye n’umwambaro w’ibirori wambarwa n’abarangije ibyiciro bitandukanye by’amashuli.
Abantu bamwe bafata uyu mwambaro nk’ikintu cy’ako kanya gusa gihita kirangira,abandi bakawufata nk’umwambaro utandukanya abantu n’abandi mubirori gusa nyamara uyu mwambaro uvuze byinshi birenze ibyo nkuko tugiye kubireba mumirongo ikurikira.
Nkuko amarebe.com yabibateguriye yifashishije zimwe mu mbuga nka https://www.graduationsource.com , https://en.wikipedia.org n`izindi,muri rusange uyu mwambaro ugizwe n`ikanzu ndende (Graduation gown,subfusc, academic regalia,academic dress etc..), ingofero (graduation cape/mortarboard…) ndetse n`ikindi gice twagereranya na furali yambarwa mu ijosi (graduation stoles).Ikindi kandi,uyu mwambaro ukaba uboneka mumabara atandukanye bitewe n`uko ishuli runaka ryihitiyemo cyangwa se hakurikijwe ibyo abanyeshuli bize.
Amwe mumafoto agaragaza uko abarangije kwiga baba bambaye
Ese uyu mwambabaro waba waratangiye gukoreshwa ryari?
Uyu mwambaro Watangiye gukoreshwa ahagana mukinyejana cya 12 ndetse n’icya 13 aho kaminuza nyinshi zarimo zitangira kumugabane w’i Burayi.
Kuberako inyinshi muri izo kaminuza zigishwagamo n’abihaye Imana (abanyamadini) Kandi n’ibyo bigaga ahanini bikaba byari ibyerekeye amadimi,uwo mwambaro wambarwaga kugirango utandukanye abo banyeshuli n’abandi bantu bakora cyangwa biga ibitandukanye n`ibyabo ariko unabafashe kurwanya ubukonje kuri abo banyeshuli mumazu bigiragamo cyaneko uburyo bwo gushyushya amazu bwari butaratera imbere cyane.
Abanyamateka kandi bavugako uyumwambaro abihaye Imana bakera bawukoreshaga nk’ikinenyetso kigaragaza ko bafite ubwenge bwinshi ndetse ko banasumbije abandi icyubahiro.
Ni ikihe gisobanuro cy`uyu mwambaro mubuzima bwacu bwaburi munsi?
Nubwo uyu mwambaro ari uwibirori nkuko twabibonye,ariko kurundi ruhande, uyumwambaro ugaragaza ibintu bitatu by`ingenzi aribyo Kujya mubirori byogusoza icyiciro runaka (Graduation) bigaragaza gusiga abomubana mubuzima bwaburi munsi (separation of society.), kwambarira uyu mwambaro mubirori (inculcation to transformation ) bishushanya guhinduka hanyuma nogusubira mubo mubana burimunsi ariko ugasubirayo wahinduriwe icyiciro (returning to society with a new status),mbese wasoje intamwe iyi n`iyi yubuzima wanatangiye indi ugana imbere.
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Byegeranijwe na : Jado Nsenga
Nibyo se koko kwa muganga batwika abantu bitabye Imana?
Nibyo se koko kwa muganga batwika abantu bitabye Imana?
Birashoboka ko nawe usoma iyi nkuru wigeze kwibaza iki kibazo cyangwa ukumva abantu benshi bacyibaza,ibyo byose biturutse kumakuru atandukanye abantu baba bafite kubikorwa bitandukanye bikorerwa kwa muganga.
Urubuga rwanyu amarebe.com rwabateguriye iyinkuru kugirango rubamare amatsiko kandi runarusheho kubamenyesha byinshi kubikorerwa mubigo by`ubuvuzi twese tugana buri munsi.
Nyuma yubushakashatsi amarebe.com yakoze, yasanze ikikibazo gifitanye isano yahafi na servise imwe iba mubitaro ishinzwe gutwika imyanda iba yaturutse mubice bitandukanye by’ibitaro nk`ibagiro (Salle doperation/Operating Theatre),Ibyumba babyariramo (salle d`accouchement/delivery room),ahatangirwa hakanasuzumirwa ibizamini byabarwayi (Laboratoire/Laboratory) nahandi.
Nkuko twabikurikiranye tukanasura iyi servise itwika imyanda mubitaro bimwe bikuru byo murwanda ,twasanze batwika iyi myanda bakorseheje imashini nini cyane kandi ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora no kugera kuri dogere 1200 (1200 C),hagamijwe kuburizamo ubwandu butandukanye bushobora guterwa n`ububi bw`iyi myanda.
Iyi mashini ikoreshwa aka kazi ikaba yitwa Incinerateur cyangwa se Incinerator mundimi zamahanga ikaba ifite ibice bibili byingenzi aribyo ahajya hakanatwikirwa imyanda (Chambre primaire/primary chamber) ndetse n`icyumba cya kabili gishinzwe kongera gutwika umwotsi wavuye muri yamyanda kugirango utaza guhumanya ikirere (Chambre secondaire/secondary chamber).
Mukiganiro twagiranye nabakoresha iyo mashini,twababajije ukuri kubivugwa ku itwikwa ryabantu bitabye Imana, batubwirako ibyo bivugwa atari ukuri ahubwo biterwa n`amakuru adahagije baba bafite maze babona iyo mashini batwikisha imyanda bakagira bati dore yamashini itwika abantu!!
Tubibutseko iki gikorwa cyo gutwika imibiri yabitabye Imana kititwa incineration nk`ijambo rikoreshwa mugutwika imyanda ahubwo hakoreshwa ijambo cremation mundimi z`amahanga aho ibihugu byinshi byo muburengerazuba bwisi bikoresha ubu buryo kumpamvu zitandukanye tuzabagezaho munkuru zacu zitaha. Icyakora murwanda ubu buryo bukaba butari bwatangira gukoreshwa.
Tubashimiye uko mukomeje kwitabira inkuru tubategurira
Sobanukirwa imashini ipima umuvuduko w`amaraso
Bakunzi b’urubuga amarebe.com, muri Sobanukirwa n`ibyuma byo kwa muganga (Igice cya mbere) twabagejejeho ibisobanuro birambuye kucyuma kimenyerewe Ku izina rya Radio gikoreshwa mugufotora ibice binyuranye by’umubili w’umurwayi hagamijwe kumenya neza uburwayi bwe.
Uyumunsi twabateguriye ibisobanuro byinshi kumashini ipima umuvuduko w’amaraso imenyerewe Ku izina ry’igifaransa rya TENSIOMETRE cyangwa se BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR mururimi rw’icyongereza.
Iyi mashini se iteye ite?
Nkuko twabivuze haruguru, tensiometre/blood pressure monitor ni imashini ikoreshwa kwamuganga bashaka kumenya umuvuduko wamaraso hifashishijwe umutsi uvana amaraso mumutima ukayajyana mubice binyuranye byumubili ariwo witwa artere/artery.
Iyi mashini ushobora kuyibona mubwoko bwinshi ariko ubwingenzi ni bubili aho ishobora kwerekana umuvuduko wamaraso ikoresheje imibare (Electronic machine) cyangwa se ukayibona ikoresha urushinge (Manual machine). Ifoto iri hejuru iradufasha kubona neza ko iyi mashini igizwe nibice bibili byingenzi aribyo imashini nyirizina arinayo ipima ndetse ikanerekana umuvuduko w`amaraso hakiyongeraho nigice kimeze nkumwenda arinacyo bambika umuntu bagiye gupima.
Iyi mashini yaba ikora ite?
Imikorere yiyi mashini ishingiye mugupima umuvuduko w`amaraso igihe umutima uteye aribyo bita Systole ndetse numuvuduko wamaraso igihe umutima uruhutse aribyo byitwa diastole.
Ibi byose ibikora hifashishijwe cya gice cyumwenda cyitwa brassard cyangwase cuff bakacyambika kukizigira cy`ukuboko hanyuma imashini igatangira gupima ikaza nokwerekana ibipimo ibonye.
Tubibutse ko uyu muvuduko wamaraso upimwa murugero rwitwa milimetero ya merikire (mmHg) ukaba utagomba kujya hejuru y` 120mmHg (mugihe umutima uteye)cyangwa ngo ujye munsi ya 90mmHg igihe umutima uruhutse kumuntu utarwaye.
Ese ibipimo byumuvuduko wamaraso bisobanuye iki?
Nkuko tumaze kubivuga,igihe usanze ufite ibipimo biri hejuru cyane yibipimo bisanzwe (aribyo bita hypertension), biba byerekanako ufite ibyago byinshi byokurwara indwara yumutima cyangwa se ibibazo byubwonko. Hari igihe ushobora gusanga ibipimo byawe biri hasi y`ibipimo bisanzwe aribyo bita Hypotension. Muri rusange iki ntigikunda kuba ikibazo icyakora igihe wumvise umerewe nabi ningombwa kwihutira kwamuganga bakareba impamvu yaba yabiteye.
Ni izihe mpamvu zatuma umuvuduko w`amaraso wiyongera?
Nubwo hariho impamvu nyinshi zishobora kongera umuvuduko w`amaraso, ariko izingenzi ni izi zikurikira:
1. Kurya umunyu mwinshi
2. Kutarya imboga n`imbuto
3. Kudakora sporo ihagije
4. Kugira umubyibuho ukabije
5. Gufata alcohol nyinshi
Tubibutseko iyi mashini numuntu kugiti cye ashobora kuyitunga murugo iwe akajya akurikirana uko umuvuduko wamaraso ye uhagaze kandi ko ntangaruka nimwe igira kumubili w`umuntu.
Tubifurije ubuzima buzira umuze.
Ibyo tugomba kwirinda tumaze kurya
Bakunzi b`urubuga amarebe.com, turabizi twese ko ibyo kurya ari ingirakamaro ntagereranywa kumubili wacu.Kubwiyo mpamvu,iyo dufashe ibyo kurya bikwiriye kandi muburyo bwiza tuba duha umubili wacu ibyangombwa ukeneye (nutriments) kugira ngo ukore neza. Ikibabaje nuko hari ibyo tutazi cyangwa tutitaho ahubwo tukabikora nkakamenyero nyuma yokurya nyamara bishobora gushyira mukaga umubili wacu.
Murwego rwokurushaho kubungabunga ubuzima bwacu,uyu munsi twabateguriye ibintu bitanu n`ingaruka zabyo tutagomba gukora igihe tumaze kurya.
1.Kuryama:
Akenshi iyo umuntu amaze kurya yumva agize ibitotsi numunaniro bidasanzwe bitewe n`igikorwa cyigogora kiba kirimo gikorwa bigatuma bamwe bahitamo kuryama bakimara kurya. Nyamara,aka kamenyero ni kabi cyane kuko uburyo umuntu aryamyemo (Position) bushobora kubangamira muburyo bukomeye imigendekere isanzwe y`iki gikorwa cy`igogora aho ibyo kurya bidahita bijya mugifu byanageramo bigatindamo cyane bikaba byatera icyo abenshi bazi nko gutumba ndetse bikaba byanatera indwara yigifu biturutse mukwiyongera kw`amatembabuzi yomugifu yitwa sucs gastriques mururimi rw`igifaransa.
2.Kunywa icyayi cyangwa ikawa:
N`ubwo byamaze kuba nkumuco kubantu benshi kunywa nibura igikombe cy`icyayi cyangwa se cy`ikawa nyuma yo kurya,ibi binyobwa byifitemo imbaraga zigabanya ubushobozi bw`amatembabuzi aba mugifu atuma habaho imigendekere myiza y`igogora cyane cyane iyo binyowe umuntu akimara kurya.
Nubwo rero ibi binyobwa ari byiza mugihe bifatiwe igihe cyabyo,ntibigomba kunyobwa nyuma yo kurya kuko bishobora guteza ibibazo byinshi kandi bikomeye birimo igabanuka ryigice kimwe mubigize amaraso cyitwa hemoglobine rouge ari nacyo kigira uruhare runini mugukwirakwiza oxygen mumubili ndetse bikaba binagabanya imyunyu ngugu (fer); ibi byose bikagaragazwa no gucika intege byahato nahato,guhora urwaye umutwe,umunaniro udashira,kweruruka kw`umubili,ibibazo byumutima,iby`ubuhumekero,kuzungera nibindi byinshi.
3. Kurya imbuto:
Nubwo kurya imbuto aringobwa cyane,abahanga mumirire batanga inama yo kurya imbuto nibura amasaha abili mbere cyangwa nyuma yo gufata andi mafunguro kugirango umubili ubashe gukuramo ibyangombwa ukeneye.Gufata imbuto mugihe kimwe n`andi mafunguro bibangamira imigendekere myiza yigogora kuberako igogora ry`imbuto ritandukanye cyane niryandi mafunguro. Ibi rero bika byateza cyakibazo twavuze haruguru cyo gutumba ndetse nubwiyongere bwimyuka itandukanye mu amara aribyo byitwa ballonement at flaturance mururimi rw`igifaransa.
4.Kunywa itabi:
Muburyo rusange,kunywa itabi bisanzwe arimwe mumpamvu zitera indwara ya cancer yibihaha. Nukuvuga ko kunywa itabi ari kamwe mutumenyero tubi ariko byumwihariko nyuma yo kurya kuko nabyo bibangamira igikorwa cyigogora, bikangiza imyanya yigogora,bikongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya canceri y`ubwoko bwa kabili (Cancer 2) ndetse n`indwara ya diabete ubwoko bwa kabili (Diabete 2) nkuko byagaragajwe n`ubushakashatsi bwa Dr Filip K.Knop na Dr L.Bagger.
5. Kwiyuhagira:
Kwiyuhagira cyangwa koga muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose umaze kurya nabyo sibyiza kuko bibangamira cyane igogora,umuntu akamererwa nabi muburyo butandukanye,akaba yata ubwenge mugihe gitoya cyangwa kirekire ndetse no kuba byatera urupfu .
Ibi bisobanurwa nihinduka ritunguranye ryigipimo cyubushyuhe bw`umubili warushyushye igihe hakorwaga igogora hanyuma umubili ugahita ujya mumazi akonje.
Twibukeko amagara aseseka ntayorwe!!
Byegeranijwe na : Jado Nsenga
Sobanukirwa n’icyo abenshi bita bomboni Kwa muganga
Bakunzi b’urubuga amarebe.com tunejejwe no gukomeza kubana namwe kuri uru rubuga turushaho kungurana ibitekerezo kungingo zitandukanye z`ingirakamaro. Uyu munsi twabateguriye ibisobanuro birambuye kucyo abantu benshi bakunda nkwita BOMBONI kwa muganga.
- Imvugo imenyerewe
Nkuko benshi muri mwe mwumvise cyangwa namwe mwakoresheje iyi mvugo igira iti “Umurwayi ararembye cyane ubu bamushyize cyangwa bamushyizemo bomboni” ni imvugo ikoreshwa bashaka kumvikanisha ko umurwayi arembye cyane kuburyo haba harimo kwifashishwa ubundi buryo cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bihambaye kugirango akomeze abeho cyane cyane bamufasha guhumeka neza. Ibi rero bikaba bikorwa umurwayi yongererwa umwuka cyangwa afashwa guhumeka igihe imyanya y`ubuhumekero (apareil respiratoire/respiratory system mundimi z`amahanaga) iba itagikora neza kubera uburwayi.
- Ese Koko iyi mvugo niyo?
Nyuma y’amakuru twegeranije twasanze Koko iyi mvugo hari aho ihuriye n`ukuri nubwo atariyo neza. Nkuko koko abantu benshi babivuga, hari ubwo umuntu agira uburwayi butuma adahumeka neza bigatuma yongererwa umwuka (oxygene/oxygen) kugirango abashe guhumeka. Uyu mwuka ukaba ushobora gutwarwa ndetse nogushyirwa mumacupa yabugenewe kugirango ubone uko ugezwa kumurwayi. Iyimvugo rero ikaba yaraturutse ku ijambo ryo mururimi rw`igifaransa ryitwa “BONBONNE” risobanuye icupa muri rusange,ariko rikaba ryaraje kumenyerwa mururimi rw`ikinyarwanda nka bomboni. Ubwo umuntu yabona umurwayi ahabwa umwuka (Oxgene/Oxgen ) uvanwa mumacupa yabugenewe ati ” Umurwayi bamushyize kuri cyangwa muri bomboni !”
- Ni ryari umurwayi ashobora gukenera kongererwa cyangwa guhabwa umwuka?
Ubusanzwe, buri gace kose k’umubiri gakenera kuburyo budahindagurika wamwuka twavuze haruguru witwa ogisijene (Oxygene/oxygen) kugirango gakore neza. Uyu mwuka ukaba winjizwa mumubili nibihaha igihe turimo duhumeka, byamara kuwutunganya bikawohereza muri buri gace kumubili biwunyujije mumaraso igihe arimo atembera.
Hakaba hari igihe rero umuntu agira uburwayi butuma ingano y’umwuka ugera mubice bitandukanye by’umubili igabanuka ari nabyo bisaba ko hitabazwa ubundi buryo bwo kongerera umurwayi umwuka cyangwa agafashwa guhumeka. Bumwe muri ubu burwayi ni ubu bukurikira:
- Imikorere mibi y’ibihaha bidashobora gutanga umwuka uhagije ngo ujyanwe mubice binyuranye by`umubili. Ibi bibazo bikaba bizwi kwizina rya interstitial lung disease (ILD)
2. Uburwayi bwigihaha kimwe cyangwa byombi aribwo bita pneumonia aho ibisa namatembabuzi bijya munzira zijyana umwuka muduce tunyuranye tw`umubili bigatuma umwuka ugerayo uba mukeya bitewe na virusi cyangwa bagiteri biba byinjiye mubihaha.
3. Igihe imyanya yinjiza umwuka duhumeka yagize ibyo twakwita ibyuya, hanyuma bigasa nkibyuzura munzira umwuka unyuramo ujya mubihaha. Birumvikana ko icyo gihe umwuka winjira mubihaha uba mukeya. Iyi niyo ndwara bita asima.
Tubibutseko izi ndwara zavuzwe haruguru atarizo zonyine zishobora gutuma umuntu akenera kongererwa umwuka cyangwa ngo afashwe guhumeka ahubwo hari nizindi nyinshi harimo imikorere mibi yumutima n`izindi.
Tubifurije ubuzima buzira umuze kandi tunabasaba gukomeza kubana natwe.
By Jado Nsenga
AKAZI
Akazi k`ubushoferi muri Kami nuza y`u Rwanda (UR) Under Statute:Deadline: Nov 12, 2024
Receptionist at Umutanguha Finance Company Plc | Kigali :Deadline: 15-11-2024
Infant Nurse at World Vision International Rwanda | Kigali: Deadline: 16-11-2024
Managing Director at NFT Consult | Kigali :Deadline: 15-11-2024
