- TECHNICAL ASSISTANT
JOB DESCRIPTION FOR THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANT
Location: Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda (with occasional travel to project sites)
Reports To: Research Coordinator
Contract Type: Full-time
Duration: One Year renewable
Position Overview:
The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with partners, is implementing the research project titled “Evaluating Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Nutrition and Health (MNCNH) Innovation Impact in Rwanda.” The project supports the Health Sector Strategic Plan V (HSSP V, 2024–2029) and evaluates high-impact interventions, including Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS), Calcium Supplementation, Intravenous Iron, PPH Bundles, and Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS).
We are seeking a qualified and motivated Technical Assistant to serve as the lead technical resource guiding the nutrition components of the MNCNH Innovation Impact Project. The successful candidate will ensure that nutrition interventions are scientifically sound, ethically implemented, and effectively integrated into maternal, neonatal, and child health research activities. The role bridges research design and field implementation to ensure that evidence generated translates into improved practices and policies within Rwanda’s health system.
The position will be seconded to the Ministry of Health.
Key Responsibilities
- Provide technical support in the implementation of project activities in accordance with approved study protocols and national guidelines.
- Support coordination of project activities across participating health facilities and stakeholders.
- Conduct regular monitoring visits to health facilities to assess adherence to study protocols, nutrition standards, and quality assurance measures.
- Identify operational challenges, including stock management issues or protocol deviations, and recommend corrective actions.
- Assist in the development and revision of standard operating procedures (SOPs), training materials, and implementation tools.
- Provide on-site mentorship and supportive supervision to facility staff involved in project implementation, particularly on nutrition-related interventions.
- Support data management, analysis activities, and interpretation of findings to inform programmatic and policy decisions.
- Contribute to the preparation of technical reports, presentations, policy briefs, manuscripts, and other project documentation.
- Facilitate communication and coordination between the Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, district health teams, and implementing partners.
- Contribute to dissemination of research findings to stakeholders and communities in accessible and user-friendly formats.
- Perform any other related technical duties as assigned by the Research Coordinator.
Minimum Qualifications
- Bachelor of Science in Public Health, Medicine, Nursing, Human Nutrition and Dietetics, or a related field.
- A Master’s degree in Nutrition, Public Health, Epidemiology, or a related discipline is an added advantage.
- Valid professional license to practice in Rwanda is an added advantage.
- Proven experience in health research involving the conduct, management, or oversight of complex studies, preferably in maternal and neonatal health.
- Proficiency in Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems, data management platforms (e.g., REDCap), and statistical software (R, Stata, SAS, SPSS, or Python) is highly desirable.
- Experience providing technical guidance to research teams and mentoring facility staff.
- Familiarity with national maternal and neonatal health guidelines.
- Demonstrated ability to translate research data into well-written manuscripts and technical reports.
Skills & Competencies
- Strong analytical skills and exceptional attention to detail, particularly in protocol adherence and data verification.
- Ability to independently identify complex implementation challenges and propose practical solutions.
- Excellent verbal and written communication skills in English and Kinyarwanda.
- Ability to work independently, manage multiple priorities, and travel regularly to field sites.
- Strong teamwork, flexibility, and ability to perform effectively in a fast-paced environment.
- High level of integrity, professionalism, and adherence to ethical research standards and data confidentiality.
Why Join This Project?
- Contribute to nationally prioritized research aimed at improving maternal, neonatal, and child nutrition and health outcomes in Rwanda.
- Play a key role in strengthening nutrition integration within implementation research and health system innovation.
- Work closely with national health authorities and multidisciplinary teams in a high-impact research environment.
- Support evidence generation that informs national guidelines and improves quality of care.
Application Instructions:
Interested candidates should submit all required documents via the link in video description by Wednesday, March 19, 2026, 23:59 CAT. Questions can be directed to hr@kfhrf.org.
- RESEARCH COORDINATOR
JOB DESCRIPTION FOR THE RESEARCH COORDINATOR
Location: Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda
Reports To: Principal Investigator
Contract Type: Full-time
Duration: One Year renewabke
Position Overview:
The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with partners, is implementing the research project titled “Evaluating Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Nutrition and Health (MNCNH) Innovation Impact in Rwanda.” This study aligns with the Health Sector Strategic Plan V (HSSP V, 2024–2029) and seeks to assess high-impact interventions aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, including Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS), Calcium Supplementation, Intravenous Iron, PPH Bundles, and Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS).
We are seeking a highly qualified and experienced Research Coordinator to lead the scientific and technical implementation of this multi-site implementation research project. The successful candidate will ensure methodological rigor, ethical compliance, data quality, and effective translation of findings into policy and practice. The position will be fully seconded to the Ministry of Health and will operate under the strategic oversight of the Project Steering Committee.
Key Responsibilities
Lead the design, refinement, and implementation of research protocols, study designs, sampling strategies, and analytical frameworks.
Ensure standardization of research methods and procedures across all participating hospitals and health centers.
Develop and oversee statistical analysis plans and guide interpretation of study findings.
Lead submissions and follow-ups with the Rwanda National Ethics Committee and ensure continuous compliance with ethical standards and data protection regulations.
Provide direct technical supervision to Clinical Field Supervisors and Technical Assistants.
Coordinate the supervision of Post-Doctoral Fellows, Graduate Students, Research Assistants, and Provincial Data Managers.
Ensure continuous capacity strengthening in clinical research methodologies, digital health tools, and data quality assurance systems.
Coordinate preparation of peer-reviewed manuscripts, technical reports, and policy briefs.
Oversee translation of research findings into national guidelines, decision-support tools, and health system policy recommendations.
Serve as the primary liaison between the Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, academic institutions, and research partners.
Provide scientific guidance to the Project Manager on operational and implementation implications of research requirements.
Ensure adherence to national research regulations and maintain the scientific, technical, and ethical integrity of the project.
Minimum Qualifications
Master’s degree in Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Data Science, or a related field.
• In addition, applicants must hold at least one of the following:
A Medical Degree (MBBS/MD), Nursing, or Midwifery degree with a valid license to practice in Rwanda; or
A PhD in a relevant health or biomedical field.
• Minimum of five (5) years of progressive professional experience in research, epidemiology, health data analytics, or maternal and child health programs.
• Proven experience working with government institutions, research organizations, or development partners on large-scale public health or implementation research projects.
• At least two (2) peer-reviewed publications in Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (RMNCH), with the applicant as first author.
• Strong experience in data management, quality assurance, and multi-site research coordination.
• Demonstrated proficiency in Python and/or R for advanced health data analytics.
• Familiarity with health information systems and digital health platforms.
• Fluency in English; knowledge of Kinyarwanda is an added advantage.
Skills & Competencies
Minimum of five (5) years of progressive professional experience in research, epidemiology, health data analytics, or maternal and child health programs.
Proven experience working with government institutions, research organizations, or development partners on large-scale public health or implementation research projects.
At least two (2) peer-reviewed publications in Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (RMNCH), with the applicant as first author.
Strong experience in data management, quality assurance, and multi-site research coordination.
Demonstrated proficiency in Python and/or R for advanced health data analytics.
Familiarity with health information systems and digital health platforms.
Fluency in English; knowledge of Kinyarwanda is an added advantage.
Why Join KFHRF?
Contribute to nationally prioritized research aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal mortality in Rwanda.
Play a key role in generating high-quality evidence to inform national health policies and clinical guidelines.
Work in a high-impact, multidisciplinary environment with government, academic, and development partners.
Strengthen Rwanda’s capacity in implementation research and digital health innovation.
Application Instructions:
Interested candidates should submit all required documents via the link in video description by Wednesday, March 19, 2026, 23:59 CAT. Questions can be directed to hr@kfhrf.org.
- PROJECT CONSULTANT ON MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND REPORTING (MER)
JOB DESCRIPTION FOR THE PROJECT CONSULTANT ON MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND REPORTING (MER)
Location: Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda
Reports To: Research Coordinator
Contract Type: Full-time
Duration: One (1) year
Position Overview:
The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with partners, is implementing the research project “Evaluating Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Nutrition and Health (MNCNH) Innovation Impact in Rwanda.” The project aligns with Rwanda’s Health Sector Strategic Plan V (HSSP V, 2024–2029) and evaluates high-impact interventions including Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS), Calcium Supplementation, Intravenous Iron, PPH Bundles, and Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS).
The Project Consultant on Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) will lead the development and implementation of project monitoring, evaluation, reporting, and learning activities. The consultant will ensure that project progress is systematically tracked, high-quality data is collected and analyzed, and results are effectively communicated to the Ministry of Health, implementing partners, and other stakeholders.
The position will be seconded to the Ministry of Health.
Key Responsibilities
- Develop and refine project MEL tools, including the results framework, indicator reference sheets, and data flow processes.
- Establish routine data quality assurance mechanisms across all participating sites.
- Oversee monthly monitoring activities, coordinating with implementing partners and field teams.
- Support development of data collection protocols and ensure adherence to quality control standards.
- Prepare quarterly, annual, and donor-required narrative reports in line with Gates Foundation requirements.
- Produce data summaries, briefs, and technical materials for internal and external stakeholders.
- Contribute to scientific manuscripts, presentations, and other dissemination outputs.
- Support preparation and facilitation of learning sessions, workshops, and stakeholder dissemination events.
- Build capacity of Ministry of Health and district personnel on MER practices, including data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
- Develop training materials, including in-person modules and online learning content.
- Provide mentorship and technical assistance to strengthen institutional MER capabilities.
Minimum Qualifications
- Master’s degree in Public Health, Global Health, Community Health, or a related field.
- Bachelor’s degree in Public Health, Community Health, or related discipline is required.
- 4–5 years of experience in monitoring and evaluation, public health research, program management, or related areas.
- Experience managing or coordinating research or evaluation projects, preferably involving multiple partners or sites.
- Experience in data collection, data quality assurance, and analysis for public health programs.
- Proven experience contributing to donor reporting, technical documentation, or scientific outputs.
- Experience developing and delivering training materials (in-person and/or online modules).
- Experience working on MoH-led or MoH-supported projects, or closely with national health institutions.
- Experience working in Rwanda or similar low-resource/global health settings is an added advantage.
Skills & Competencies
- Strong command of monitoring, evaluation, and reporting (MER) concepts, tools, and frameworks.
- Ability to design or refine M&E tools and indicator reference sheets.
- Ability to manage datasets, conduct quality checks, and support basic analysis.
- Excellent writing skills for reports, briefs, and presentations.
- Strong coordination, facilitation, and stakeholder engagement skills.
- High attention to detail and ability to work independently in a fast-paced environment.
- Ability to mentor and build capacity in MER practices across teams.
Why Join This Project?
- Contribute to a nationally prioritized initiative aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal mortality.
- Lead the design and implementation of MER systems that support evidence-based decision-making.
- Work closely with the Ministry of Health, implementing partners, and multidisciplinary teams.
- Build institutional capacity in monitoring, evaluation, and learning for maternal, neonatal, and child health programs.
Application Instructions:
Interested candidates should submit all required documents via the link in video description by Wednesday, March 19, 2026, 23:59 CAT. Questions can be directed to hr@kfhrf.org.
- PROJECT MANAGER
JOB DESCRIPTION FOR THE PROJECT MANAGER
Location: Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda
Reports To: Research Coordinator
Contract Type: Full-time
Duration: One year renewable
Position Overview:
The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with partners, is implementing the research project
titled “Evaluating Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Nutrition and Health (MNCNH) Innovation Impact in Rwanda.” The project aligns with the Health Sector Strategic Plan V (HSSP V, 2024–2029) and aims to evaluate high-impact maternal and neonatal health interventions, including Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS), Calcium Supplementation, Intravenous Iron, PPH Bundles, and Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS).
We are seeking a highly organized and results-oriented Project Manager to lead the administrative, financial, procurement, logistics, and operational coordination of the project. Working under the technical oversight of the Research Coordinator, with functional accountability to the Principal Investigator, and in close collaboration with the Ministry of Health Single Project Implementation Unit (SPIU), the successful candidate will ensure effective planning, budget execution, procurement, donor compliance, and timely delivery of project outputs.
The position will be fully seconded to the Ministry of Health.
Key Responsibilities
- Lead the development, execution, and continuous update of the Project Implementation Plan, annual work plans, and detailed activity schedules aligned with approved project objectives.
- Provide day-to-day operational coordination across participating hospitals, health centers, and implementing partners to ensure timely delivery of outputs.
- Lead project financial management functions in close collaboration with the Ministry of Health SPIU, including budget execution and monitoring, expenditure tracking, financial forecasting, financial reporting, audit preparation, and full compliance with Government of Rwanda and donor procedures.
- Coordinate all procurement and logistics activities in collaboration with Ministry of Health procurement units, SPIU, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, and Rwanda Medical Supply to ensure timely acquisition, distribution, and tracking of commodities, equipment, and supplies.
- Oversee grant and donor compliance, including preparation of high-quality financial and narrative reports, tracking contractual deliverables and reporting deadlines, and ensuring adherence to funding agreements.
- Support Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) activities by tracking quarterly progress against indicators and milestones, verifying implementation against work plans, and flagging risks or delays to the Research Coordinator and Principal Investigator.
- Organize and coordinate governance and stakeholder engagements, including Steering Committee meetings, technical working groups, donor review meetings, and high-level Ministry briefings.
- Prepare meeting agendas, minutes, presentations, and action trackers for internal coordination and external stakeholder engagements.
- Coordinate operational logistics for trainings, workshops, site supervision visits, monitoring missions, and review meetings.
- Maintain a comprehensive project risk register, operational tracker, and document management system to ensure accountability and institutional memory.
- Ensure administrative compliance with Ministry of Health policies, donor regulations, and national public financial management requirements.
- Work under the technical oversight of the Research Coordinator while maintaining close coordination with the Principal Investigator and SPIU.
Minimum Qualifications
- Bachelor’s degree in Project Management, Public Administration, Finance, Accounting, Data Science, Engineering, Information Technology, Public Health, or a closely related field.
- Proven professional experience managing and implementing health programs, preferably in maternal, neonatal, child health, or nutrition sectors.
- Demonstrated experience managing large-scale donor-funded projects, particularly those supported by major global health funders.
- Strong experience implementing Government of Rwanda-funded activities, with solid understanding of Public Financial Management (PFM) principles and reporting requirements.
- Experience coordinating multi-stakeholder health projects involving the Ministry of Health, hospitals, health centers, NGOs, and development partners.
- Prior experience supervising field teams or coordinating health facility-based activities.
- Experience in monitoring and evaluation (M&E), including tracking indicators and supporting data-driven decision-making.
- Experience preparing technical, financial, and donor reports with high accuracy and professionalism.
- Familiarity with ethical review processes, research protocols, and implementation research is an added advantage.
- Experience with community engagement is desirable.
Skills & Competencies
- Excellent organizational and coordination skills with the ability to manage multiple tasks simultaneously.
- Strong financial and administrative management capabilities.
- Effective communication and interpersonal skills to engage diverse stakeholders and field teams.
- Strong understanding of research ethics, participant protection, and informed consent procedures.
- Ability to identify operational risks and implement practical mitigation measures.
- High level of professionalism, integrity, and accountability.
Why Join This Project?
- Contribute to a nationally prioritized research initiative aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal mortality in Rwanda.
- Play a critical role in strengthening implementation research and health system innovation.
- Work within a dynamic, high-impact environment in close collaboration with the Ministry of Health and national stakeholders.
- Support evidence generation that informs national health policy and improves quality of care.
Application Instructions:
Interested candidates should submit all required documents via the link in video description by Wednesday, March 19, 2026, 23:59 CAT. Questions can be directed to hr@kfhrf.org.
- DATA MANAGER
JOB DESCRIPTION FOR THE DATA MANAGER
Location: Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda
Reports To: Research Coordinator
Contract Type: Full-time
Duration: One year renewable contract
Position Overview:
The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with partners, is implementing the research project titled “Evaluating Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Nutrition and Health (MNCNH) Innovation Impact in Rwanda.” The project supports the Health Sector Strategic Plan V (HSSP V, 2024–2029) and evaluates high-impact interventions including Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS), Calcium Supplementation, Intravenous Iron, PPH Bundles, and Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS).
A centralized data warehouse will serve as the backbone for data integration, monitoring, and advanced analytics across all study components and participating health facilities.
We are seeking a highly skilled and detail-oriented Data Manager to oversee all data management functions of the MNCNH Innovation Impact Project. The successful candidate will ensure high-quality data collection, integration, storage, validation, security, and analysis support across all study components. The role requires close collaboration with research, clinical, and technical teams to ensure data integrity and compliance with national data governance regulations.
The position will be seconded to the Ministry of Health.
Key Responsibilities
- Develop and oversee the project’s Data Management Plan, including data flow diagrams, validation rules, and standard operating procedures (SOPs).
- Manage and maintain centralized project databases, ensuring secure storage, backup systems, and disaster recovery mechanisms.
- Coordinate integration of data from multiple sources including EMRs (eBuzima, MediSoft), DHIS2, REDCap, WelTel, laboratory systems, and other digital tools.
- Ensure completeness, accuracy, and consistency of datasets through routine data quality assessments and validation checks.
- Design and implement automated data cleaning, reconciliation, and verification processes.
- Monitor data submission timelines and follow up with field teams and health facilities to address reporting gaps.
- Ensure compliance with Rwanda’s Data Protection and Privacy Law and Ministry of Health data governance policies.
- Maintain data access controls, user permissions, and audit trails to safeguard sensitive health information.
- Prepare analysis-ready datasets and collaborate with data scientists, statisticians, and researchers to support statistical analyses and research outputs.
- Generate routine data quality, performance, and monitoring reports for project leadership and stakeholders.
- Support development of dashboards and data visualization tools for real-time monitoring and decision-making.
- Provide technical support and mentorship to field teams on digital data collection tools and reporting systems.
- Develop and maintain user guides, data dictionaries, and documentation for all project databases and systems.
- Contribute to dissemination of findings through technical reports, presentations, and manuscripts.
Minimum Qualifications
- Bachelor’s degree in Data Science, Statistics, Computer Science, Information Systems, Public Health (with strong data background), or a related field.
- A Master’s degree in Data Science, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Health Informatics, or a related discipline is an added advantage.
- Professional certifications in database management, data governance, or health informatics are an asset.
- Minimum of 2–4 years of experience in data management, database administration, health informatics, or research data coordination.
- Experience managing large, multi-site health or research datasets.
- Proficiency in database systems (PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, or equivalent).
- Experience with digital data collection platforms such as REDCap, DHIS2, or EMR systems.
- Strong experience in data cleaning, validation, and quality assurance processes.
- Working knowledge of statistical software (R, Stata, SPSS, SAS, or Python).
- Experience supporting public health or government projects is an advantage.
Skills & Competencies
- Strong understanding of data governance, data quality assurance, and database management principles.
- Proficiency in SQL and at least one programming language (Python or R preferred).
- Strong analytical and problem-solving skills.
- High level of attention to detail and accuracy.
- Ability to translate complex technical data concepts into clear communication for non-technical stakeholders.
- Strong organizational skills and ability to manage multiple priorities effectively.
- Ability to work collaboratively within multidisciplinary teams in a fast-paced research environment.
- Strong commitment to data confidentiality, ethical standards, and responsible data use.
Why Join This Project?
- Contribute to a nationally prioritized digital health and implementation research initiative.
- Play a central role in building a robust data warehouse and analytics backbone for maternal and neonatal health innovation in Rwanda.
- Work closely with national health authorities and multidisciplinary teams in a high-impact research environment.
- Support evidence-based decision-making that strengthens Rwanda’s health system.
Application Instructions:
Interested candidates should submit all required documents via the link in the video Description by Wednesday, March 19, 2026, 23:59 CAT. Questions can be directed to hr@kfhrf.org.
- CLINICAL FIELD SUPERVISOR
JOB DESCRIPTION FOR THE CLINICAL FIELD SUPERVISOR
Location: Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda (with occasional travel to project sites)
Reports To: Research Coordinator
Contract Type: Full-time
Duration: Three (3) years
Position Overview:
The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with partners, is implementing the research project titled “Evaluating Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Nutrition and Health (MNCNH) Innovation Impact in Rwanda.” The project supports the Health Sector Strategic Plan V (HSSP V, 2024–2029) and evaluates high-impact maternal and neonatal health interventions, including Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS), Calcium Supplementation, Intravenous Iron, PPH Bundles, and Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS).
We are seeking two qualified and motivated Clinical Field Supervisors to oversee clinical and operational activities related to capacity building, field supervision, and quality assurance of study implementation across selected health facilities. The successful candidates will ensure adherence to study protocols, national clinical guidelines, and ethical standards while strengthening facility-level competencies in maternal, neonatal, and child health services.
The position will be seconded to the Ministry of Health.
Key Responsibilities
- Conduct regular supervisory visits to assigned hospitals and health centers to ensure compliance with clinical protocols, study procedures, and national guidelines.
- Monitor fidelity to implementation of study interventions, including MMS, calcium supplementation, IV iron administration, PPH management bundles, and POCUS.
- Identify gaps in clinical documentation, case management processes, and quality-of-care indicators, and support facilities through mentorship and on-site coaching.
- Support training and continuous professional development of healthcare providers on study interventions and data reporting requirements.
- Facilitate learning sessions, case reviews, and feedback meetings to promote knowledge sharing and continuous quality improvement.
- Ensure timely documentation and reporting of adverse events, protocol deviations, and study-related incidents in line with research and ethical requirements.
- Collaborate with data managers and the Research Coordinator to ensure accuracy, completeness, and consistency of clinical data.
- Serve as the focal point of communication between field sites and the central project coordination team, ensuring effective follow-up and problem resolution.
- Contribute to the analysis and interpretation of maternal and neonatal health data to inform implementation improvements.
Minimum Qualifications
- Bachelor’s degree in Medicine and Surgery, Nursing, Midwifery, Public Health, or a related field.
- A Master’s degree in Medicine, Public Health, Epidemiology, or a related field is an added advantage.
- Valid professional license to practice in Rwanda is an added advantage.
- Proven experience in maternal health projects, research, or clinical program implementation.
- Strong familiarity with Rwanda’s health system, Ministry of Health structures, and national data reporting mechanisms.
- Demonstrated experience mentoring and supporting healthcare providers in data quality, clinical documentation, and protocol adherence.
- Experience coordinating field-based health sector activities.
Skills & Competencies
- Strong clinical knowledge in maternal, neonatal, and child health care.
- Proficiency in Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems and digital data collection tools.
- Excellent analytical, organizational, and documentation skills with high attention to detail.
- Effective communication, facilitation, and interpersonal skills to engage multidisciplinary teams.
- Strong commitment to ethical research practices, patient confidentiality, and professional integrity.
- Ability to work independently, manage multiple priorities, and travel frequently to field sites.
Why Join This Project?
- Contribute directly to improving the quality of maternal and neonatal health services in Rwanda.
- Play a key role in strengthening clinical practice and implementation research at facility level.
- Work closely with national health authorities and multidisciplinary teams on high-impact interventions.
- Support evidence-based improvements that influence national health policy and practice.
Application Instructions:
Interested candidates should submit all required documents via the link in video description by Wednesday, March 19, 2026, 23:59 CAT. Questions can be directed to hr@kfhrf.org.














